牙发育异常-上海交通大学医学院精品课程

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1、非龋性疾病noncariousdisease牙外伤(injuryofteeth)牙发育异常(developmentalabnormalityofteeth)牙体慢性损伤（chronicinjuryofteeth)牙本质过敏症（dentinehypersensitivity)牙发育异常developmentalabnormalityofteeth主要内容Summary牙结构异常Abnormalitiesofhistodifferentiation牙形态异常Abnormalitiesofmorphodifferentiation牙数目异常Disturbancesinnumberofteeth牙萌

2、出异常Disturbancesingerminationofteeth钟状期造釉器(enamelorganinbellstage)dentalpapillastellatereticulumenameldentineexternalenamelepithelium牙结构异常Abnormalitiesofhistodifferentiation釉质发育不全enamelhypoplasia氟牙症dentalfluorosis四环素牙tetracyclinestainedteeth遗传性牙本质发育不全hereditarydentinogenesisimperfecta先天性梅毒牙congenita

3、lsyphiliticteeth釉质发育不全enamelhypoplasia定义definition牙齿发育期间，由于全身疾患、营养障碍或乳牙的严重的根尖周感染所导致的釉质的结构异常。(enamelabnormalitiesofhistodifferentiationresultfromsystematicdisease,nutritiondeficiencyorsevereapicalaffectionofdeciduousdentitionduringteethformation)釉质发育不良：釉质基质形成障碍(dyspoiesisofenamelmatrix)釉质矿化不良：基质形成正常

4、，但矿化不良(hypomineralization)釉质实质缺损(withenamelloss)釉质无实质缺损(withoutenamelloss)enamelagenesisenamelhypocalcification病因Aetiology营养障碍nutritiondeficiency内分泌失调incretiondisorder婴儿、母体疾病infant&maternaldisease局部因素localizedcauses釉质发育不全（enamelhypoplasia)病因（Aetiology)婴儿、母体疾病infant&maternaldisease出生前Prenatal新生儿Neon

5、atal婴儿Postnatal出生前Prenatal感染（infection)——风疹(rubella)、梅毒(syphilis)母亲的代谢性疾病（maternalsystemicdisease)新生儿Neonatal新生儿溶血性疾病（haemolyticdiseaseofthenewborn)低钙血症（hypocalcaemia)早产儿/晚产儿（prematurebirth/prolongedlabour)婴儿Postnatal感染——尤其是重症病毒感染（severechildhoodinfectionsespeciallytheviralexanthemata)慢性疾病——先天性心脏病、

6、胃肠道疾病、内分泌疾病（chronicdiseasesinchildhood,e.g.congenitalheartdisease,gastrointestinalandendocrinediseases)营养不良——维生素D缺乏（nutritionaldeficiency,e.g.vitaminD)肿瘤化疗（cancerchemotherapy)氟中毒（excessfluorideions)局部因素localizedcauses感染（Infection)创伤（Trauma)放疗(Radiotherapy)临床表现clinicalfeatures轻症mildtype重症severetype轻

7、症mildtype釉质形态基本完整（smooth-surfaceenamel)仅有色泽和透明度的改变（white,opaquespots,brown-stainedaftereruption)重症severetype带状(横沟状)缺陷(horizontalgroovesintheenamelsurface)窝状缺陷（pitsintheenamelsurface)釉质变薄（generalreductionint