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1、AbstractwritingDefinitiondocumentIdentifying(辨识)___avehiclethroughwhichreadersidentifyandlocateanarticleorareportanddecideiftheyneedtoreaditornot.e.g.economy,agriculture,music,etc.Sorting（检索）___asortingdevice,sortoutallreaderswhodon’tneedtoreadareportfromthosewhodo.Comparisonbet
2、weenabstract&summaryAbstractsize:rarelymorethansixoreightlineslong;Purpose:tellthereaderswhatpointsarecoveredratherthanwhatissaidaboutthewriting;Anindependentpartdevotedtoabstractofsomeparticularfield.SummarySize:brief,notasbriefasthatofabstractPurpose:presentsthemostimportantin
3、formationcontainedinthereports,forastory,itcoverstheserialeventsoccurredinit.Similarwithabstract,itisanindependentpart.TypesofabstractsDescriptiveabstractDescriptiveabstractsmaytellwhatsubjectsareinthepaper,buttheytellnothingaboutthedetails,muchlesstheconclusions,ofyourpaper.The
4、ytease,ratherthaninform.Consider,forexample,thisexcerptfromahypotheticalabstract:__Saturable(可饱和的)dyes（染料）forlaserQswitchesarefoundtodegrade(退色)withtime.Thecauseofthisdegradationisdiscussedandapossiblesolutionisproposed.Thisexamplegivesmenousefulinformationandrequiresmetoreadthe
5、paper.SometimesusefulfortheoreticalormathematicalpapersButgenerallyuninformativeInformativeabstractsAninformativeabstract,bycontrast,isashortsummaryorsynopsis（大纲）ofyourpaper.Aninformativeabstractisnotwrittenasatableofcontents,butrathersummarizesyourpaperandtellsitsconclusions.Wi
6、thfewexceptions,abstractstoscientificpapersshouldbeinformativeabstracts.Thefollowinginformativeabstractcoversthesamegroundastheprecedingdescriptiveabstract:StorabledyesforlaserQswitchesdegradewithtime.Thebluelightfromtheflashlamp(闪光灯或小电珠)causesthedegradationofthedye,andthedye'sl
7、ifemaybeextendedbyreplacingthecell'swindowswithredfilters.ThisexampleisaparaphrasefromanabstractIreadatleasttwentyyearsago[well,thirtyyearsnow]andwouldhaveforgottenhaditnotbeensoclearandinformative.FourbasicunitsofanabstractObjectivesoftheresearchpaper(论文所研究的具体对象)Methodologyyouu
8、sedintheresearch(运用的具体方法)Thefindingsfromtherese
