专题3 任务型阅读3

《专题3 任务型阅读3》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练专题3任务型阅读3（25分钟）（A）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。Theworldwouldhavebeensomuchbetterifweallknewtosayanddotherightthingattherighttime.However,thatisnotthecase,especiallywhenitcomestoinstilling(逐步培养)properbehaviori

2、nkids.Behaviormodification(BM)techniqueswererecentlycreatedtohelpininstillingproperbehaviorinchildrenaswellasadults.Behaviormodificationreferstoestablishingappropreciatebehaviorsinindividualsanddiscouragingthosethatarenotdesirable.Behaviormodificatio

3、ntechniquesaredevelopedlargelyaccordingtotheprinciplesofoperantconditioningbyB.F.Skinner,anAmericanbehaviorist.Thesetechniquesareusedinbehaviormodificationtherapythataimstocorrectandinstillappropreciatebehaviorinchildren.Themostcommonlyusedbehaviormo

4、dificationtechniquesarepositivereinforcement,negativereinforcementandpunishment.Positivereinforcementreferstoreinforcingadesiredbehaviorthroughtheprocessofrewardingit.Thiscanbedonebypraisingtheindividualassoonasheperformsadesirablebehavior.Negativere

5、inforcementbehavioralstrategiesarebasedontheremovalofanegativeconsequenceorabehaviorbecausethedesiredbehaviorwasperformed.Forexample,lettingachildnothelpinwashingdishesbecausehebehavedwellatafamilygatheringisaformofnegativereinforcement.Punishmentiss

6、omethingthatweallcanrelateto.Yes,itisjustwhatitmeans.However,whenputinwords,punishmentreferstosubjecting(使服从于)anindividualtoanegativeconditionbecauseofaninappropriatebehavior.Thebehaviormodificationtechniquesforchildrenaremostlybasedonpositiveandnega

7、tivereinforcement.However,parentsshouldrealizethatthesetechniquescan’tbereliedupontotallyforchildbehaviormodification.Thoughthebehaviormodificationtechniquesleadtoquickresults,aparentshouldcontinuouslytrytocultivateinhischildtheabilitytoappreciatethe

8、reasonwhysuchabehaviorisexpectedofhim.Thiscanbedonethrougheffective5communicationandgreaterfocusontheparent-childrelationship.Asaparent,don’tmaketherewardamonetaryone.Trytomakeitlookmorelikeaprivilegethanareward.Aparentshouldalsobeconsistentwithhiste