专题3 任务型阅读3

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1、2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练专题3任务型阅读3（25分钟）（A）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。Theworldwouldhavebeensomuchbetterifweallknewtosayanddotherightthingattherighttime.However,thatisnotthecase,especiallywhenitcomestoinstilling(逐步培养)properbehaviorinkids.Behaviormodification(BM)techn

2、iqueswererecentlycreatedtohelpininstillingproperbehaviorinchildrenaswellasadults.Behaviormodificationreferstoestablishingappropreciatebehaviorsinindividualsanddiscouragingthosethatarenotdesirable.Behaviormodificationtechniquesaredevelopedlargelyaccordingtotheprinciplesofoperantconditi

3、oningbyB.F.Skinner,anAmericanbehaviorist.Thesetechniquesareusedinbehaviormodificationtherapythataimstocorrectandinstillappropreciatebehaviorinchildren.Themostcommonlyusedbehaviormodificationtechniquesarepositivereinforcement,negativereinforcementandpunishment.Positivereinforcementrefe

4、rstoreinforcingadesiredbehaviorthroughtheprocessofrewardingit.Thiscanbedonebypraisingtheindividualassoonasheperformsadesirablebehavior.Negativereinforcementbehavioralstrategiesarebasedontheremovalofanegativeconsequenceorabehaviorbecausethedesiredbehaviorwasperformed.Forexample,letting

5、achildnothelpinwashingdishesbecausehebehavedwellatafamilygatheringisaformofnegativereinforcement.Punishmentissomethingthatweallcanrelateto.Yes,itisjustwhatitmeans.However,whenputinwords,punishmentreferstosubjecting(使服从于)anindividualtoanegativeconditionbecauseofaninappropriatebehavior.

6、Thebehaviormodificationtechniquesforchildrenaremostlybasedonpositiveandnegativereinforcement.However,parentsshouldrealizethatthesetechniquescan’tbereliedupontotallyforchildbehaviormodification.Thoughthebehaviormodificationtechniquesleadtoquickresults,aparentshouldcontinuouslytrytocult

7、ivateinhischildtheabilitytoappreciatethereasonwhysuchabehaviorisexpectedofhim.Thiscanbedonethrougheffective5communicationandgreaterfocusontheparent-childrelationship.Asaparent,don’tmaketherewardamonetaryone.Trytomakeitlookmorelikeaprivilegethanareward.Aparentshouldalsobeconsistentwith

8、histe