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时间:2020-05-26
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1、2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练专题3任务型阅读3(25分钟)(A)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。Theworldwouldhavebeensomuchbetterifweallknewtosayanddotherightthingattherighttime.However,thatisnotthecase,especiallywhenitcomestoinstilling(逐步培养)properbehaviorinkids.Behaviormodification(BM)techniquesw
2、ererecentlycreatedtohelpininstillingproperbehaviorinchildrenaswellasadults.Behaviormodificationreferstoestablishingappropreciatebehaviorsinindividualsanddiscouragingthosethatarenotdesirable.BehaviormodificationtechniquesaredevelopedlargelyaccordingtotheprinciplesofoperantconditioningbyB.F.S
3、kinner,anAmericanbehaviorist.Thesetechniquesareusedinbehaviormodificationtherapythataimstocorrectandinstillappropreciatebehaviorinchildren.Themostcommonlyusedbehaviormodificationtechniquesarepositivereinforcement,negativereinforcementandpunishment.Positivereinforcementreferstoreinforcingade
4、siredbehaviorthroughtheprocessofrewardingit.Thiscanbedonebypraisingtheindividualassoonasheperformsadesirablebehavior.Negativereinforcementbehavioralstrategiesarebasedontheremovalofanegativeconsequenceorabehaviorbecausethedesiredbehaviorwasperformed.Forexample,lettingachildnothelpinwashingdi
5、shesbecausehebehavedwellatafamilygatheringisaformofnegativereinforcement.Punishmentissomethingthatweallcanrelateto.Yes,itisjustwhatitmeans.However,whenputinwords,punishmentreferstosubjecting(使服从于)anindividualtoanegativeconditionbecauseofaninappropriatebehavior.Thebehaviormodificationtechniq
6、uesforchildrenaremostlybasedonpositiveandnegativereinforcement.However,parentsshouldrealizethatthesetechniquescan’tbereliedupontotallyforchildbehaviormodification.Thoughthebehaviormodificationtechniquesleadtoquickresults,aparentshouldcontinuouslytrytocultivateinhischildtheabilitytoappreciat
7、ethereasonwhysuchabehaviorisexpectedofhim.Thiscanbedonethrougheffectivecommunicationandgreaterfocusontheparent-childrelationship.Asaparent,don’tmaketherewardamonetaryone.Trytomakeitlookmorelikeaprivilegethanareward.Aparentshouldalsobeconsistentwithhistec
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