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ID:16400233
大小:60.50 KB
页数:5页
时间:2018-08-09
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1、2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练专题3任务型阅读3(25分钟)(A)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。Theworldwouldhavebeensomuchbetterifweallknewtosayanddotherightthingattherighttime.However,thatisnotthecase,especiallywhenitcomestoinstilling(逐步培养)properbehaviori
2、nkids.Behaviormodification(BM)techniqueswererecentlycreatedtohelpininstillingproperbehaviorinchildrenaswellasadults.Behaviormodificationreferstoestablishingappropreciatebehaviorsinindividualsanddiscouragingthosethatarenotdesirable.Behaviormodificatio
3、ntechniquesaredevelopedlargelyaccordingtotheprinciplesofoperantconditioningbyB.F.Skinner,anAmericanbehaviorist.Thesetechniquesareusedinbehaviormodificationtherapythataimstocorrectandinstillappropreciatebehaviorinchildren.Themostcommonlyusedbehaviormo
4、dificationtechniquesarepositivereinforcement,negativereinforcementandpunishment.Positivereinforcementreferstoreinforcingadesiredbehaviorthroughtheprocessofrewardingit.Thiscanbedonebypraisingtheindividualassoonasheperformsadesirablebehavior.Negativere
5、inforcementbehavioralstrategiesarebasedontheremovalofanegativeconsequenceorabehaviorbecausethedesiredbehaviorwasperformed.Forexample,lettingachildnothelpinwashingdishesbecausehebehavedwellatafamilygatheringisaformofnegativereinforcement.Punishmentiss
6、omethingthatweallcanrelateto.Yes,itisjustwhatitmeans.However,whenputinwords,punishmentreferstosubjecting(使服从于)anindividualtoanegativeconditionbecauseofaninappropriatebehavior.Thebehaviormodificationtechniquesforchildrenaremostlybasedonpositiveandnega
7、tivereinforcement.However,parentsshouldrealizethatthesetechniquescan’tbereliedupontotallyforchildbehaviormodification.Thoughthebehaviormodificationtechniquesleadtoquickresults,aparentshouldcontinuouslytrytocultivateinhischildtheabilitytoappreciatethe
8、reasonwhysuchabehaviorisexpectedofhim.Thiscanbedonethrougheffective5communicationandgreaterfocusontheparent-childrelationship.Asaparent,don’tmaketherewardamonetaryone.Trytomakeitlookmorelikeaprivilegethanareward.Aparentshouldalsobeconsistentwithhiste
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