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1、TheprojectionproblemThereisabasicexpectationthatthepresuppositionofasimplesentencewillcontinuetobetruewhenthatsimplesentencebecomespartofamorecomplexsentence.Thisisoneversionofthegeneralideathatthemeaningofthewholesentenceisacombinationofthemeaningofitsparts.However,t
2、hemeaningofsomepresuppositions(as‘parts’)doesn’tsurvivetobecomethemeaningofsomecomplexsentences(as‘wholes’).Thisisknownastheprojectionproblem.Inexample[12],wearegoingtoseewhathappenstothepresuppositionq(‘Kellywasill’)whichisassumedtobetrueinthesimplestructure[12c.],bu
3、twhichdoesnot‘project’intothecomplexstructure[12h.].Inordertofollowthistypeofanalysis,wehavetothinkofasituationinwhichapersonmightsay:‘IimaginedthatKellywasillandnobodyrealizedthatshewasill.’[12]a.NobodyrealizedthatKellywasill.(=p)b.Kellywasill.(=q)c.p>>q(Atthispoint,
4、thespeakeruttering[12a.]presupposes[12b.].)d.IimaginedthatKellywasill.(=r)e.Kellywasnotill.(=NOTq)f.r>>NOTq(Atthispiont,thespeakeruttering[12d.]presupposes[12e.],theoppositeof[12b.].)g.IimaginedthatKellywasillandnobodyrealizedthatshewasill.(=r&p)h.r&p>>NOTq(Atthispion
5、t,aftercombiningr&p,thepresuppositionqcannolongerbeassumedtobetrue.)Inanexamplelike[12],thetechnicalanalysismaybestraightforward,butitmaybedifficulttothinkofacontextinwhichsomeonewouldtalklikethat.Perhapsexample[13]willcontextualizebetter.InanepisodeofaTVsoapopera,two
6、charactershavethedialogin[13].[13]Shirley:It’ssosad.GeorgeregretsgettingMarypregnant.Jean:Buthedidn’tgetherpregnant.Weknowthatnow.Ifwecombinetwooftheutterancesfrom[13],wehavethesequence,‘GeorgeregretsgettingMarypregnant;buthedidn’tgetherpregnant’.Identifyingthediffere
7、ntpropositionsinvolved,asin[14],wecanseethatthepresuppositionqin[14b.]doesnotsurviveasapresuppositionofthecombinedutterancesin[14e.].[14]a.GeorgeregretsgettingMarypregnant.(=p)b.GeorgegotMarypregnant.(=q)c.p>>qd.Hedidn’tgetherherpregnant.(=r)e.GeorgeregretsgettingMary
8、pregnant,buthedidn’tgetherpregnant.(=p&r)f.p&r>>NOTqOnewaytothinkaboutthewholesentencepresentedin[14e.]isasanutterancebyaper
