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1、段落翻译练习20131PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.ThemostcommonlygranteddegreesintheU.S.aretheBA,orbachelorofarts,andtheBS,orbachelorofscience,bothgivengenerallyafterthecompletionofa4-yearcourseofstudyandsometimesfollowedbyamarkofexcellence,suchascumlaude,withpraise;magnacumlaude,withgreatpra
2、ise;orsummacumlaude,withhighestpraise.Themaster’sdegreeisgrantedafteroneortwoyearsofpostgraduateworkandmayrequirethewritingofathesisordissertation.Thedoctoraterequirestwotofiveyearsofpostgraduatework,thewritingofathesis,andthepassingoforalandwrittenexaminations.InarecentyearU.S.instituti
3、onsofhigherlearninggrantedabout988,000bachelor’sdegrees,some289,000master’sdegrees,and34,000doctor’sdegrees.Themostfamiliardegreesareshownintheaccompanyingtable.美国最通常授予的学位为BA,即文学士,以及BS,理学士———般都是在完成四年学业之后授予。有时候,授予学位的同时还伴以这样一些赞语;以优等学业成绩毕业(cumlaude),以优异学业成绩毕业(magnacumlaude),以最优异学业成绩毕业(summa
4、cumlaude)。硕士学位授予完成了一至二年研究生课程的学生,要求他们写硕士论文。博士学位一般需要学习2一5年才能获得,要求学生写论文,还要通过口试、笔试。去年,美国高校授了大约988,000个学士学位,289,000个硕士学位和34,000个博士学位。最为大家所熟悉的学位目录如附表所示。2.PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.Asanimportantmeansforpreservingknowledge,variousliteratureshavebecomepreciousresourcesortreasuresfortheman
5、kind,whichhavegreatlycontributedtothesocialprogressofthehumanrace.Professionalliteratureshavebeenregardedas“intangibleassets”ofthewholeworldbecausetheyare,ontheonehand,thesummary,generalization,anddevelopmentoftheachievementsobtainedonthebasisofpreviousexperiencesorstudies;andontheotherh
6、and,theyhavebeenaccumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Inthissense,therefore,allkindsofliteraturearerecordsofpreciousresearchfindingsandacademicachievements,andthecrystallizationofhumancivilization.作为一种重要的知识储备手段,各类文献已成为宝贵的资源宝藏,大大促进了人类社会的进步。专业文献一向被认为是全世界的“无形财产”。因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或
7、研究成果的总结、概括和发展;另一方面,又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。因此,从这种意义上讲,一切文献都是前入的研究发现和学术成就的宝贵记载,是人类文化的结晶。3Bibliographymaybedividedintotwobroadtypes:analytic(sometimescalledcritical)anddescriptive.Analyticbibliographyisconcernedwithbooksasobjects;itusestheevidenceofphysicalfeatures(forexample,thek