chapter five第五章 语义学

《chapter five第五章 语义学》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、ChapterFive第五章语义学1、Semantics定义canbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaning.Someviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning: 2、语义研究的主要流派有哪些？（四种）1)Thenamingtheory:命名论.Oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,andalsoaveryprimitiveone,ItwasproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato.Accordingtothistheory,thelinguisticformsorsymb

2、olsusedinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.Sowordsarejustnamesorlabelsforthings.2)Theconceptualistview:意念论Itholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.Intheinterpretationofmeaning,theyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.3)Contextualism:(语境论)It

3、isbasedonthepresumption(假定)thatonecanderive推导)meaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservable可观测的)contexts.Twokindsofcontextarerecognized:thesituationalcontextandthelinguisticcontext.Forexample,themeaningoftheword"seal"inthesentence"Thesealcouldnotbefound"canonlybedeterminedaccordingtothecontextinwhichthese

4、ntenceoccurs:4)Behaviorism行为主义论 ThecontextualistviewwasfurtherstrengthenedbyBloomfield.Hedrewonbehavioristpsychologywhenhetriedtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformas"thesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer".(Bl

5、oomfield, Thisbehavioristtheoryissomewhatclosetocontextualism.Itislinkedwithpsychologicalinterest.5、意义与所指有什么关系Senseandreference？ Senseandreferencearetwotermsinthestudyofmeaning.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstract

6、andde-contextualized.Itistheaspectofmeaningthatdictionarycompilersareinterestedin.itisabstractandde-contextualized. Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.(2)关系：Obviously,linguisticfo

7、rmshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.Ontheotherhand,therearelessfrequentoccasionswhenlinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense,e.g.“morningstar”and“evenings