语言学问答题精选

《语言学问答题精选》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、•Qs:•1.Howdoyouunderstandthedefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.•Linguisticsinvestigatesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.•Linguisticstudyisscientificbecauseitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationofauthentic(可靠的，真实的)languagedata.Noseri

2、ouslinguisticconclusionisreacheduntilafterthelinguisthasdonethefollowingthreethings:observingthewaylanguageisactuallyused,formulatingsomehypotheses,andtestingthesehypothesesagainstlinguisticfactstoprovetheirvalidity.••2.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditiona

3、lgrammar?•　1)Firstly,linguisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive.•　2)Secondly,modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.•　3)Thirdly,modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammaralsointhatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoaLatin-basedframewor

4、k.•3.Whyisspeechconsideredastheprimarymediumofhumanlanguage?•1.First,speechprecedeswriting.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordthespeech.Therearestillsomelanguagesthatonlyhavethespokenform.•2.Then,alargeramountofcommunicationiscarriedoutinspeechthaninwriting.•3

5、.Third,speechistheforminwhichinfantsacquiretheirnativelanguage.••4.What’sthedifferencebetweenlangueandparole?•Langue:theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.•Parole:therealizationoflangueinactualuse.•但索氏语言（Langue）乃一抽象语言系统，他的言语（Parole）指日常语言，两者均为结构语言学研究对

6、象。海德格尔言谈，则与逻各斯古意相通。5.What’sthedifferencebetweencompetenceandperformance?•Competenceistheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageWhilePerformanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication(语言能力和语言行为)itmakesthedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemand

7、theactualuseoflanguage.•6.What’sthedifferencebetweenthedistinctionoflangueVs.paroleandthatofcompetenceVs.performance?•Bothofthemmakethedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemandtheactualuseoflanguage.Theirpurposeistosingleoutoneaspectoflanguageforseriousstudy.Theydifferin

8、thattheformertakesasociologicalviewoflanguageandthenotionoflangueisa