语言学问答题精选.doc

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1、•Qs:•1.Howdoyouunderstandthedefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.•Linguisticsinvestigatesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.•Linguisticstudyisscientificbecauseitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationofauthentic(可靠的，真实的)language

2、data.Noseriouslinguisticconclusionisreacheduntilafterthelinguisthasdonethefollowingthreethings:observingthewaylanguageisactuallyused,formulatingsomehypotheses,andtestingthesehypothesesagainstlinguisticfactstoprovetheirvalidity.••2.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisti

3、csdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?•　1)Firstly,linguisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive.•　2)Secondly,modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.•　3)Thirdly,modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammaralsointhatitdoesnotforce

4、languagesintoaLatin-basedframework.•3.Whyisspeechconsideredastheprimarymediumofhumanlanguage?•1.First,speechprecedeswriting.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordthespeech.Therearestillsomelanguagesthatonlyhavethespokenform.•2.Then,alargeramountofcommu

5、nicationiscarriedoutinspeechthaninwriting.•3.Third,speechistheforminwhichinfantsacquiretheirnativelanguage.••4.What’sthedifferencebetweenlangueandparole?•Langue:theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.•Parole:therealizationoflangueinactualus

6、e.•但索氏语言（Langue）乃一抽象语言系统，他的言语（Parole）指日常语言，两者均为结构语言学研究对象。海德格尔言谈，则与逻各斯古意相通。5.What’sthedifferencebetweencompetenceandperformance?•Competenceistheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageWhilePerformanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication(

7、语言能力和语言行为)itmakesthedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemandtheactualuseoflanguage.•6.What’sthedifferencebetweenthedistinctionoflangueVs.paroleandthatofcompetenceVs.performance?•Bothofthemmakethedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemandtheactualuseoflang

8、uage.Theirpurposeistosingleoutoneaspectoflanguageforseriousstudy.Theydifferinthattheformertakesasociologicalviewoflanguageandthenotionoflangueisa