语言学问答题精选

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1、•Qs:•1.Howdoyouunderstandthedefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.•Linguisticsinvestigatesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.•Linguisticstudyisscientificbecauseitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationofauthentic(可靠的，真实的)languagedata.Noseriouslinguisticc

2、onclusionisreacheduntilafterthelinguisthasdonethefollowingthreethings:observingthewaylanguageisactuallyused,formulatingsomehypotheses,andtestingthesehypothesesagainstlinguisticfactstoprovetheirvalidity.••2.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?•　1)Firstly,linguis

3、ticsisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisprescriptive.•　2)Secondly,modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.•　3)Thirdly,modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammaralsointhatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoaLatin-basedframework.•3.Whyisspeechconsideredastheprimarymedi

4、umofhumanlanguage?•1.First,speechprecedeswriting.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordthespeech.Therearestillsomelanguagesthatonlyhavethespokenform.•2.Then,alargeramountofcommunicationiscarriedoutinspeechthaninwriting.•3.Third,speechistheforminwhichinfantsacquiretheirnativela

5、nguage.••4.What’sthedifferencebetweenlangueandparole?•Langue:theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.•Parole:therealizationoflangueinactualuse.•但索氏语言（Langue）乃一抽象语言系统，他的言语（Parole）指日常语言，两者均为结构语言学研究对象。海德格尔言谈，则与逻各斯古意相通。5.What’sthedifferencebetweencompetenceandperformanc

6、e?•Competenceistheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageWhilePerformanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication(语言能力和语言行为)itmakesthedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemandtheactualuseoflanguage.•6.What’sthedifferencebetweenthedistinctionoflangueVs.parolea

7、ndthatofcompetenceVs.performance?•Bothofthemmakethedistinctionbetweentheabstractlanguagesystemandtheactualuseoflanguage.Theirpurposeistosingleoutoneaspectoflanguageforseriousstudy.Theydifferinthattheformertakesasociologicalviewoflanguageandthenotionoflangueisa