语言学问答题及答案

《语言学问答题及答案》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、1.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?First,thespokenformispriortothewrit-tenformandmostwritingsystemsarederivedfromthespokenformoflanguage.Second,thespokenformplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyedanditservesawiderrangeofpurpos

2、esFinally,thespokenformisthemediumthroughwhichweacquireourmothertongue.66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?Thedistinctionbetweenlangue,andparolewasmadebythefamouslinguistFerdinanddeSaussureearlythiscentury.Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcomm

3、unity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurri

4、nglanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable;itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.2．Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?Howdotheydiffer?Oneoftheoldestwasthenamingtheory,proposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato,whobelievedthatthewordsusedin

5、alanguagearetakentobela-belsoftheobjectstheystandfor.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalin-guisticformandwhatitrefersto.Theformandthemeaningarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservab

6、lecontexts.Twokindsofcontextarerecognized;thesituationalcontextandthelinguisticcontext.Forexample,themeaningoftheword"seal"inthesentence"Thesealcouldnotbefound"canonlybedeterminedac-cordingtothecontextinwhichthesentenceoccurs:Thesealcouldnotbefound.Thezookeeperbecameworried.(sealmeaninganaquaticma

7、mmal)Thesealcouldnotbefound.Thekingbecameworried.(sealmeaningtheking'sstamp)Behaviorismdrewonbehavioristpsychologywhenhetriedtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.Behavioristsattemptedtode-finethemeaningofalanguage