1、第一节 汉译英 第一步：不用看全文，而是直接看需要翻译的句子。如果句中出现了模糊不清的信息或者不认识的单词需要通过上下文的信息加以辨认和推测，则需要把句子回归原文。 『例』Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life. 第二步：找出句子的主干结构，即句子的主谓宾或主系表。 『例』Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy l
2、ife. 『解析』划线句子的主干应当是 Environments make it difficult to lead a healthy life. it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to lead a healthy life。 翻译：环境使得（人们）很难健康地生活。 第三步：把一些局部的、修饰的信息，即定语、主语、补语以及同位语翻译出来，放在合适的位置。 『例』Environments (where passive smoking is unavoidable) make it difficult to lead a healthy life. 『解析』enviro
4、达出来。这主要是因为考生平时在此方面训练得少，没有掌握英译汉基本技巧。 1、生僻单词的猜测 句子中如果有不认识的单词，要根据这句话和上下文的逻辑关系，如并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等推测词义。 例1：Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,
5、 aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects. 『答案』住在隔壁的那三代同堂，祖父母叔叔婶婶姑姑和堂兄弟挤在一个屋檐下的一大家子，也已在我的记忆中模糊。 『解析』否定连词nor（也不）放在句首因此用助动词do倒装，宾语是the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles
6、 and cousins，后面的定语从句修饰the large family，从句中的gather这里是“聚居”的意思。字面意思是“我也不能清楚地回忆起包括了祖父母叔叔婶婶姑姑和堂兄弟的住在隔壁的大家庭”。 14/14例2：One study shows that Americans prefer to answer with a brief “Yes”, “No”, “Sure”, or the very popular “Yeah” rather than with a longer reply. But brief replies do not mean Americans are i
7、mpolite or unfriendly to some extent. 『答案』但是，在某种程度上，简短的回答并不意味着美国人不礼貌或不友好。to some extent在本句中可以不翻译，意为：“在某种程度上”。 例3：A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market
