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1、Lecture4VerbandVerbPhrase&PassiveVoice4.1Classificationofverbsl主动词/实义动词&助动词main/notionalverbs&auxiliaries（主动词在动词词组中作中心词，助动词协助主动词表示不同的语法意义和情态意义。）助动词又可分为：基本助动词primaryauxiliaries:be,do,have情态助动词modalauxiliaries:can/could,may/mightwill/would,shall/shouldmust,oughttodare,need,u
2、sedto半助动词semi-auxiliaries:haveto,seemto…l及物动词，不及物动词&连系动词transitive,intransitive&linkingverbsl动态动词&静态动词dynamic&stativeverbseg.(a)drink,eat,fly;arrive,become,reach;hit,jump,knock…(b)be,have;belongto,cost,lack;feel,hear,smell;believe,regret,hope…l单词动词&词组动词single-word&phrasalv
3、erbseg.look&lookafterl规则动词&不规则动词regular&irregularverbseg.stop-stopped&build-builtl限定动词&非限定动词finite&non-finiteverbseg.walk(s),walked;(to)walk,walking,walked4.2动词的时，体，态，式概述Tense,aspect,voice&moodlTense&aspectTense:现在时（presenttense）&过去时（pasttense）Aspect:进行体（progressiveaspect）
4、&完成体（perfectiveaspect）这样，英语中动词便有8种时，体形式：simplepresent,simplepast,presentprogressive,pastprogressive,presentperfective,pastperfective,presentperfectiveprogressive,pastperfectiveprogressivelVoice态/语态主动态(activevoice)&被动态(passivevoice)lMood式/语气陈述式(Indicativemood)，祈使式(Imperativ
5、emood)&虚拟式(Subjunctivemood)4.3被动态PassiveVoice4.3.1主动句与被动句的转换(1)Theypunishedthecriminal.(2)Theyshoulddotheworkatonce.(3)Fathergavemeawatch.(4)TheyelectedTommonitoroftheclass.(1)ShakespearewroteHamlet.(2)ThepicturewaspaintedbyaverygoodfriendofminewhomI’dlikeyoutomeetsometime
6、.(3)主动句与被动句转换的限制(1)一些类似于have（作“有”解）的静态动词：remain,fit,lack,hold,become,suit,hold,resemble,takeafter,consistof,cost,belongto…eg.Thisplaneholdsabout150people.Sheresembleshersisterinappearancebutnotincharacter.Thecolorofthedressdoesn’tsuither.(2)Hehurthimselfwhenhefellfromthela
7、dder.Weshouldhelpeachother.(3)同源宾语eg.HelivedamiserablelifeinLondon.(4)宾语是body的一部分eg.Theyshakehandswhentheymeteachother.(5)宾语it是虚指eg.You’llmakeit!Let’smakeittomorrowmorning.(6)宾语是todo/doingeg.Iliketoplayfootballinsparetime.4.3.2词组动词的被动态(1)v.+prep.eg.Thechildrenarewelllooked
8、after.Otherpossibilitiesweretalkedaboutatthemeeting.(2)v.+adv.eg.Whenwasthehospitalsetup?
