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1、Unit4grammar----the–ingformastheadverbial导学案Studyingaims:consolidatethe–ingformastheadverbialStudyingimportantanddifficultpoints:现在分词作状语的类型及现在分词作状语的注意事项Studyingmethod：discussionandexplanation现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语之间常构成主谓关系，说明谓语动作发生的原因、方式、时间、条件、结果、伴随等方面的情况。如：InApril,200
2、9,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,Athe60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.(2009福建)A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarkedAsmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____B____allfourpeopleonboard.(2009上海)A.killedB.killingC.killsD.toki
3、ll【重点归纳】现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如：Openingthewindow,abutterflyflewintomystudy.(误)Openingthewindow,Isawabutterflyflyingintomystudy.(正)1.现在分词的时态现在分词有一般式(doing)和完成式(havingdone)之分；现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：___C___inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedheha
4、dleftthechequeinthecar.(2008福建)A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited2.现在分词的语态现在分词一般式的被动语态(beingdone)表示某被动动作正在进行；现在分词完成式的被动语态(havingbeendone)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：_____D___manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.（2009四川）A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold3.现在
5、分词的否定式现在分词的否定形式是由not加现在分词构成的。如：__C____thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.(2008浙江)A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized4.v-ing形式与状语从句的转换v-ing形式作状语在句法功能上相当于一个状语从句。如：HavinglivedinBritainforyears,heactedasourguideduringourstay
6、inLondon.=SincehehadlivedinBritainforyears,heactedasourguideduringourstayinLondon.Workinghardwithastrongwill,youcanalsomakeadifference.=Ifyouworkhardwithastrongwill,youcanalsomakeadifference.(1)“连词+v-ing形式”作状语while,when,before,although,unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，
7、在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，通常要保留原连词，形成“连词+现在分词”结构。如：Althoughwehavenothingtodohere,wecan’tleavehere.=Althoughhavingnothingtodohere,wecan’tleavehere.(2)若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。如：Themeetingbeingover(=Whenthemeetingwasover),wealldrovehome.Timepermitting(=If
8、timepermits),Iwillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.注意：状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，要去掉原连词。如：Whenhishomeworkhadbeenfinished,hewenthome.=Whenhishomeworkhavin
