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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目:ClusterTechniquesasaMethodtoAnalyzeIndustrialCompetitiveness出处:InernationalAdvancesinEconomicResearch作者:MichaelPender原文:ClustertechniquesasamethodtoanalyzeindustrialcompetitivenessTuranSubsatIntroductionPorter'sinfluentialstudyonthecompetitiveadvantageofnationsi
2、nspiredamethodologicallyextendedworkonAustriandata.IncontrasttoPorter'sanalysis,competitivenessisdeterminedendogenouslybymeansofstatisticalclustertechniques.Avoidinghis"cut-off"approach,"well-"and"badly"performingindustriesaretheobjectsofanalysis.Theresultingclustercenterconst
3、itutethetypicalpatternofcompetitivenessforthechosentradeindicators,whiletheclassificationsproducea"map"ofAustrianindustrialexportperformance.Theresultsfurthershowthat:1)clusteredindustriesgenerallyarerareinthecaseofAustria;2)someofthemarelocatedindeclining,crisis-shakensectors
4、;and3)competitivenessunderlinestheimportanceoftransnationallinks(asopposedtonarrownationalboundaries)fortheformationofsuccessfulindustries.(JELL10)INTRODUCTIONPorter's[1990]influentialstudyonthecompetitiveadvantageofnationsinspiredthismethodologicallyextendedworkonAustriandata
5、.BasicallybuildinguponMarshall's[1920]insightsintotheregionalconcentrationofeconomicactivities,Porterstronglyemphasizestheimportanceofindustrialclusters,characterizedbythepresenceof11successfulhorizontallyrelatedfirms,aswellasverticallysupportingindustries.Denseinformationalst
6、ructureswithsignificantexternalities,intensecompetition,lowertransactioncosts,andcooperationandgreaterweightinpoliticallobbyingfeedaself-reinforcingprocessofdynamiccompetitiveadvantagesandgrowth(formoredetails,seeHutschenreiterandPeneder[1994]).However,amajormethodologicalprob
7、leminPorter'sanalysis--wherenoclustertechniquesintheirliteral(i.e.,statistical)meaningareapplied--isitsdeterminationofcompetitivenessofdifferentindustriesbyexogenouslygivenboundariesonperformanceindicators(e.g.,marketsharex%aboveacountry'saverage).Inaddition,allindustriesperfo
8、rmingbelowthislevelareeliminatedfortherestoftheanalysis,witht