环境规制与国际贸易【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Environmentalregulationandinternationaltrade出处：JournalofRegulatoryEconomicsVolume8,Number1,61-72,DOI:10.1007/BF作者：EftichiosSophoclesSartzetakisandChristosConstantatos原文：EnvironmentalregulationandinternationaltradeAbstract：Inthispaper,weinvestigatehowacountry'schoiceofenvironmentalpoli

2、cyinstrumentaffectstheinternationalcompetitivenessofitsfirms.WeshowthatinaCournot-Nashequilibrium,thetotalmarkeshareoffirmsregulatedthroughtradeableemissionpermitsincreasesrelativetothatofthefirmsoperatingundercommandandcontrolduetobetterallocationoftotalabatementamongthefirmsinthecountry.Ourworksug

3、geststhatfreetradesituationsshouldnotonlyresultinsimilarenvironmentastandardsbutalsoinsimilarregulatoryregimes.ItmaycomeasnosurprisethattheenvironmentalauthoritiesinCanadaareseriouslyconsideringfollowingtheUnitedStatesininstitutingatradeableemissionpermitsmechanism.1.IntroductionInrecentyears,increa

4、sedawarenessofenvironmentalissueshasmadepollutioncontrol,notablythecontrolofemissions,animportanttopicinpublicpolicydiscussions.Acommonlyraisedobjectionagainstemissionscontrolisthatthismayimpairthecompetitivenessofthedomesticindustryininternationalmarkets.Inparticular,ithasbeenarguedthatfirmsoperati

5、ngincountrieswithlowenvironmentalstandardswillacquiresubstantialcostadvantagesoverinternationalcompetitorsoperatinginmoreenvironmentallyconsciouscountries.Concernhasevenbeenexpressedthatsomecountriescouldbecome"pollutionhavens"byattractingindustriesthroughlowenvironmentalstandards;seeforexample,Mark

6、usenetal.(1993).WhileearlierempiricalresearchbyLeonard(1988)andTobey(1989;1990)suggestedthatdifferencesinenvironmentalstandardsdidnothavesignificantimpactontradepatterns,morerecentworkbyLucasetal.(1992)showedthatthisimpactmaybeimportant.Substantialliteraturehasbeendevotedtotheimpactofenvironmentalpo

7、licyontradepatterns.Thelinkbetweentradeandtheenvironmentisrootedinpolicyrigiditiesthatpreventauthoritiesfromachievingfirstbestoptimality.Intheabsenceofanyrestrictionsontheuseofenvironmentalandtradepol