amino acid metabolism objectives - utcom2013 - home：氨基酸代谢的目标utcom2013回家

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1、AminoAcidMetabolism:Objectives1.Fewquestions…a.Whichaminoacidsaretheessentialonesandwhicharenonessential?i.Essential–therearenobiosyntheticpathwaysornotsynthesizedinadequatequantities1.Arginine**Conditionallyessential(canbemadefromglutamate+aspartate)2.Histidine**Con

2、ditionallyessential3.Isoleucine4.Leucine5.Lysine6.Methionine7.Phenylalanine8.Theronine9.Tryptophan10.Valineii.Nonessential1.Alanine(madefrompyruvateandanaminoacid)2.Asparagine(madefromaspartate+glutamine)3.Aspartate(madefromoxaloacetate)4.Cysteine**Madefrommethionine

3、(+serine)5.Glutamate(madefromaspartate+alpha-ketogluterate)6.Glutamine(madefromglutamateandammonia)7.Glycine(madefromthreonine)8.Proline(madefromglutamate)9.Serine(madefromglutamateorglycineorcholine)10.Tyrosine**Madefromphenylalanineb.Whichnonessentialaminoacidsared

4、eriveddirectlyfromanessentialaminoacid?i.Theyarereadilymadefromintermediatesofcentralpathwaysc.Whichaminoacidsareconditionallyessentialandwhy?i.Arginine–notessentialifhaveadequateglutamateandaspartateii.Histidine–essentialininfants(pathwayispresentasage)d.Methionine:

5、needinhigheramounts(solelyresponsibleformakingCysteine)e.Phenylalanine:needinhigheramounts(solelyresponsibleformakingTyrosine)2.Howareaminoacidsabsorbedinsmallintestine?a.Aminoacidsaretakenupbyenterocytesinthesmallintestinei.AAstransferthroughenterocytestotheportalci

6、rculationbydiffusion,facilitateddiffusion,oractivetransport3.Whatmoleculesserveascarriersofnitrogen?a.Glutamine(inanumberofpathways)b.Alanine(inter-organtransferofnitrogen…asinglucose-alaninecycle)c.Urea(transfersNinbloodforexcretionintheurineisitsONLYfunction)10Amin

7、oAcidMetabolism:Objectives1.Whatpropertiesofureamakeitwellsuitedasacarrierofnitrogen?a.Ureaisnontoxic.b.Ureaishighlywatersoluble.c.ItsonlypurposeinlifeistoexcreteexcessNitrogenoutofthebodyandintothetoilet.2.Explainhowtransaminasesandglutamatedehydrogenaseplayacentral

8、roleinnitrogenmetabolism.a.Niscarriedinbloodserumasanaminogrouponaminoacidsi.Primarily,alanineandglutamineb.Transaminases:transfera