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1、CHAPTER14:ACIDSANDBASES14.1NatureofAcidsandBasesAcidstaste_______________.Basestaste__________andfeel__________________.Arrheniusacid-produces___________inaqueoussolutionArrheniusbase–produces__________inaqueoussolutionBronsted-Lowryacid-_______________do

2、norBronsted-Lowrybase-_______________acceptorConjugateacid-speciesformedwhenaprotonistransferredtothe_____________.Conjugatebase–speciesformedbyremovingaprotonfromthe______________.Aconjugateacid-basepairdiffersonlyinthepresenceorabsenceofaproton.Example:

3、IdentifytheBronsted–Lowryacidandbase,andconjugateacidandbaseinthefollowingreaction:HNO2(aq)+H2O(l)ßàNO2-(aq)+H3O+(aq)Whataretheconjugateacid-basepairsintheabovereaction?Acid-dissociationconstant–Example:Writetheequilibriumexpressionfortheaciddissociationc

4、onstantforthefollowingreaction:HA(aq)ßàH+(aq)+A-(aq)14.2AcidStrengthStrongacid–Astrongacidyieldsa________________conjugatebase.Rememberthe7strongacids?????Weakacid–Aweakacidyieldsarelatively_____________conjugatebase.Waterisa______________basethantheconju

5、gatebaseofastrongacid,buta____________basethantheconjugatebaseofaweakacid.Forstrongacids,theKavalueis______________.Forweakacids,theKavalueis_____________.Thus,the_____________theKavalue–theweakertheacid.Example:Selectwhichacidinthefollowingpairsistheweak

6、eracid:(a)chlorousacid(Ka=1.2x10-2)orhypochlorousacid(Ka=3.5x10-8)(b)hydrocyanicacid(Ka=6.2x10-10)orhydrofluoricacid(Ka=7.2x10-4)Oxyacids–acidicprotonisattachedtoan_________atomExample:Diproticacids–has____acidicprotonExample:Monoproticacids–has________ac

7、idicprotonExample:Organicacids-containthecarboxylgroup:Example:Amphoteric–aspeciesthatcanbehaveeitherasan_____________ora__________________.Example:AutoionizationofWater:IonproductConstant–Inanaqueoussolutionat25oC,theproductof[H+]and[OH-]mustalways=_____

8、________.Neutralsolution,[H+]_____[OH-]Acidicsolution,[H+]_____[OH-]Basicsolution,[H+]_____[OH-]14.3pHScaleThepHscaleisalogscalebasedon______wherepH=___________________.Sigfigruleforlogarithms:Thenumberof___________