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1、MethodsinMolecularBiologyMethodsinMolecularBiologyTMVOLUME159AminoAcidAminoAcidAnalysisAnalysisProtocolsProtocolsEditedbyEditedbyCatherineCooperCatherineCooperNicollePackerNicollePackerKeithWilliamsKeithWilliamsHUMANAPRESSHUMANAPRESSAminoAcidAnalysis11AminoAcidAnalysisAnOverviewMargaretI.Tyler1.Imp
2、ortanceandUtilityAminoacidsarefoundeitherinthefreestateoraslinearchainsinpeptidesandproteins.Thereare20commonlyoccurringaminoacidsinproteins,whichareshowninTable1.Aminoacidanalysishasanimportantroleinthestudyofthecompositionofproteins,foods,andfeedstuffs.Freeaminoacidsarealsodeterminedinbiologicalm
3、aterial,suchasplasmaandurine,andinfruitjuiceandwine.Whenitisperformedonapureprotein,aminoacidanalysisiscapa-bleofidentifyingtheprotein(2,3,andChapter8inthisvolume),andtheanaly-sisisalsousedasaprerequisiteforEdmandegradationandmassspectrometryandtodeterminethemostsuitableenzymaticorchemicaldigestion
4、methodforfurtherstudyoftheprotein.Itisalsoausefulmethodforquantitatingtheamountofproteininasample(seeChapter2inthisvolume)andcangivemoreaccurateresultsthancolorimetricmethods.2.HistoricalViewTheearliestexperimentsontheacidhydrolysisofproteinswereperformedbyBraconnotin1820,inwhichconcentratedsulphur
5、icacidwasusedtohydrol-yzegelatin,wool,andmusclefibers(4).Variousreagentsforperformingpro-teinhydrolysisweretriedoverthenext100years,with6MHClbecomingthemostwidelyacceptedreagent.In1972,MooreandStein(5)wereawardedtheNobelPrizefordevelopinganautomatedinstrumentforseparationofaminoacidsonanion-exchang
6、eresinandquantitationofthemusingninhydrin.Morerecently,high-performanceliquidchromatographs(HPLCs)havebeenconfiguredforaminoacidanalysis.Somemethodsusepostcolumnderiv-From:MethodsinMolecularBiology,vol.159:AminoAcidAnalysisProtocolsEditedby:C.Cooper,N.Packer,andK.Williams©HumanaPressInc.,Totowa,NJ1
7、2TylerTable1CommonAminoAcidsEssentialSymbolforName3letter1letterhumans(1)AcidicaminoacidsAsparticacidAspDNoGlutamicacidGluENoNeutralaminoacidsAlanineAlaANoAsparagineAsnNNoCysteineCysCNoGlutamineGlnQNoGlycin
