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1、1.(1)Modernism (现代主义)A movement of experiment in new techniques in writing. Modernist fiction represented a trend drifting away from the tradition of the 19th century realism. It put emphasis on the description ogoometimes it is called modern psychological fiction. Lawrence is a
2、typical representative of itRealism（现实主义）Realismwasalooselyusedtermmeaningtruthtotheobservedfactsoflife（especiallywhentheyaregloomy）。Realisminliteratureisanapproachthatattemptstodescribelifewithoutidealizationorromanticsubjectivity.Realism现实主义:Anelasticandambiguoustermwithtwomean
3、ings.(1)First,itrefersgenerallytoanyartisticorliteraryportrayaloflifeinafaithful,accuratemanner,uncloudedbyfalseideals,literaryconventions,ormisplacedaestheticglorificationandbeautificationoftheworld.Itisatheoryortendencyinwritingtodepicteventsinhumanlifeinamatter-of-fact,straigh
4、tforwardmanner.Itisanattempttoreflectlife"asitactuallyis"--aconceptinsomewayssimilartowhattheGreekswouldcallmimesis.(2)Secondlyandmorespecifically,realismreferstoaliterarymovementthatdevelopedoutofnaturalisminthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.Althoughrealismandtheconcernforaspec
5、tsofverisimilitudehavebeencomponentsofliteraryarttoonedegreeoranotherinnearlyallcenturies,thetermrealismalsoappliesmorespecificallytothetendencytocreatedetailed,probinganalysesoftheway"thingsreallyare,"usuallyinvolvinganemphasisonnearlyphotographicdetails.Thesewritersincludesuchd
6、iverseartistsasMarkTwain,Tolstoy,&ThomasHardy.Modernism（现代主义）:Aroundthetwoworldwars,manywritersandartistsbegantosuspectandbediscontentwiththecapitalism.Theytriedtofindnewwaystoexpresstheirunderstandingoftheworld.Itwasamovementofexperimentsintechniquesinwriting.Itflourishedinthe20
7、sand30sinEnglishliterature.Theyturnedtheirinteresttodescribingwhatwashappeninginthemindsoftheircharacters.Becauseoftheiremphasisonthepsychologicalactivitiesofthecharacters,theirwritingsarealsocalledpsychologicalnovels.TheRepresentativesareW.B.YeatsandT.S.Eliot,D.H.Lawrence,E.M.Fo
8、ster,JamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfModernism
