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1、Poetryisoneofthethreemajortypesorgenresofliterature,theothersbeingproseanddrama.Poemsareoftendividedintolinesandstanzas.Typesofpoetryincludenarrativepoetry（叙事诗）suchasballads（民谣）,epics,metricalromances;dramaticpoetry（戏剧诗）likedramaticmonologues（独白诗）anddramaticdialogues;lyrics（抒情诗）suchas
2、sonnets,odes（颂歌）,elegies（挽歌）andlovepoems.Asonnetisafourteen-linelyricpoemwithasingletheme,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter.由十四行组成的抒情诗，通常由五步抑扬格诗行组成，表达单一的主题。2kindsofsonnet:ThePetrarchanorItaliansonnet皮特拉克或意大利十四行诗:an8-lineoctaveand6-linesestetwiththeoctaverhymingabbaabba,thesestetcdecde.
3、Theoctaveraisesaquestion,statesaproblemandthesestetanswersthequestion,solvestheproblem.TheShakespeareanorEnglishsonnet:34-linequatrainsanda2-linecoupletrhymingababcdcdefefgg.Eachofthethreequatrainsusuallyexploresadifferentvariationofthemaintheme.Thecoupletpresentsasummarizingorconclud
4、ingstatement.Odealyricpoemofsomelengththathonorsanindividual,athingoratraitdealingwithaloftythemeinadignifiedmanner.TheEnglishodesareofthreetypes.颂词是篇幅较长的抒情诗。风格庄严，主题崇高，用以向某人致敬或诵物志事。OdetotheWestWindisofthehoratiantype:withstanzaofuniformlengthandarrangement.Itconsistsoffive14-linedstan
5、zasofiambicpentameter,eachofthestanzacontainingfourtercetsandaclosingcouplet.Therhymeschemeisaba,bcb,cdc,ded,ee.史诗EpicA.Anextendednarrativepoemwithaheroicorsuperhumanprotagonistengagedinanactionofgreatsignificanceinavastsetting(oftenincludingtheunderworldandengagingthegods).叙事体长诗，以宏大华
6、丽的风格来颂扬某传奇英雄的伟业。B.Examples:EdmundSpenser'sTheFaerieQueene,JohnMilton'sParadiseLost,WilliamWordsworth'sThePrelude,andT.S.Eliot'sTheWasteLand.Poetrystressesonrhythm,imagery,emotionandimagination.1.Meter韵律Afixedarrangementofaccentedandunaccentedsyllablesinafoot。主要有Theiamb抑扬格/trochee扬抑格,a
7、napest抑抑扬格,dactyl扬抑抑格Foot音步指诗歌保持节奏的不断重复的音节组合。Thenumberoffeet:Monometer1footDimeter2feetTrimeter3feetTetrameter4feetPentameter5feetHexameter6feetHeptameter7feetOctameter8feet五步抑扬格IambicpentameterIambicpentameterisameterinpoetry.Ithasanunrhymedlinewith5iambsorfeet.即每行有五个音步，每个音步都是抑扬格。Iam
8、bicme
