英国文学名词解释.doc

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1、[1]Epic:Itis,originally,anoralnarrativepoem,majesticbothinthemeandstyle.Epicsdealwithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance,involvingactionofbroadsweepandgrandeur.Typically,anepicincludesseveralfeatures:theintroductionofsupernaturalforcesthatshapetheaction;conflictinthefo

2、rmofbattlesorotherphysicalforcescombat;andstylisticconventionssuchasaninvocationtotheMuse,andsetspeechescouchedinelevatedlanguage.Theysummarizeandexpressthenatureoridealsofanentirenationatasignificantorcrucialperiodofitshistory.Eg:Iliad《伊利亚特》，Odyssey《奥德赛》ParadiseLost《失乐园》，TheDivineComedy《神曲》。[

3、2]Romance:Theromancewasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.ThemedievalromancesweretalesofchivalryoramorousadventureoccurringinKingArthur'scourt."SirGawainandtheGreenKnight"isanexampleofamedievalromance.[3]Ballad:Itisastoryinpoeticform,o

4、ftenabouttragicloveandusuallysung.Balladswerepasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationbysingers.ThemedievalballadsareballadsofRobinHood.Coleridge’s"TheRimeoftheAncientMariner"isa19thcenturyEnglishballad.[4]Heroiccouplet:Theyarepoetrycomposediniambicpentameter.Inthisformofpoetry,linesconsistingoffiv

5、eiambicfeetrimetogetherinpairs.Therimescheme:aabbcc…..[5]Renaissance:Renaissancemarksthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ItfirststartedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Theword“Renaissance”meansrebirthorrevival.Inessence,itisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhuma

6、nistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtolifttherestrictioninallareasplacedbytheRomanCatholicChurchauthorities.Twofeaturesofrenaissance:Itisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliter

7、ature.PeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform.Itisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.[6]Sonnet:Alyricpoemoffourteenlineswhoseryhmeschemeisfixed.TherhymeschemeintheItalianformastypifiedinthesonnetsofPetrarc