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1、1.epic史诗Anepicisalongoralnarrativepoemthatoperatesonagrandscaleanddealswithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividualandalsointerlacethemainnarrativewithmyths,legends,folktalesandpastevents;thereisacompositeeffect,theentirecultureofa
2、countrycoheringintheoverallexperienceofthepoem.Epicpoemsarenotmerelyentertainingstoriesoflegendaryorhistoricalheroes;theysummarizeandexpressthenatureoridealsofanentirenationatasignificantorcrucialperiodofitshistory.2.caesura停顿abreakorpauseinalineofpoetry,dictatedbythenaturalrhythmofthelanguageandso
3、metimesenforcedbypunctuation.InOldEnglishverse,suchasBeowulf,thecaesurawasusedrathermonotonouslytoindicatethehalfline.3.alliteration头韵therepetitionofthesamesoundorsoundsatthebeginningoftwoormorewordsthatareclosetoeachother.ItisafeatureofBeowulfandotherOldEnglishpoems.4.alliterativeverse头韵诗poetrywri
4、tteninalliteration.NearlyallOldEnglishverse,includingBeowulf,isheavilyalliterative,andthepatternisfairlystandard–witheithertwoorthreestressedsyllablesineachlinealliterating.5.kenning隐喻语ametaphorusuallycomposedoftwowordsandusedfordescriptionandassociation.Beowulfisfullofkennings,suchas“helmetbearer”
5、for“warrior”and“swanroad”for“sea”.6.protagonist主角theprincipalcharacterofadramaorfiction.HamletistheprotagonistofWilliamShakespeare’sdramaHamlet.7.antagonist反角Indramaorfictiontheantagonistopposestheheroorprotagonist.InHamletClaudiusisantagonisttoHamlet.8.romance传奇atypeofliteraturethatwaspopularinthe
6、MiddleAges,usuallycontainingadventuresandreflectingthespiritofchivalry.SirGawainandtheGreenKnightwasagreatverseromance,butitsauthorremainsunknown.9.bobandwheel诗节末尾的短行与叠唱arhymingsectionoffivelinesthatconcludesastanzainSirGawainandtheGreenKnight.The“bob”isaveryshortline,sometimesofonlytwosyllables,fo
7、llowedbythe“wheel”,longerlineswiththreestressesandinternalthyme.10.poet’scorner诗人角apartofWestminsterAbbey,London,whichcontainsthetombsormonumentsofsomefamousEnglishpoets,suchasGeoffreyChaucerandJohnMilton.1
