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时间:2018-04-08
《unit8汉英对比与翻译(一)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
Unit8汉英对比与翻译(一)课时:2H教学目的要求:掌握句子翻译中的基本元素的翻译,主要掌握主语和谓语的正确确立。教学重点:汉英翻译中句子主语和谓语的确立。教学难点:如何使译文的主语和谓语符合语法和语言使用规范。教学内容:正确确立单句的主干:(一)主语的确立:英语主语的严格性,只能由名词(或)代词,例如Wecansolvetheproblem.Thisproblemcanbesolvedinmanyways.)或具有名词语法功能的语言单位(如动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句>一般指主语从句,例如Tosolvethisproblemneedspatience.Workingingeniously>adj.有独创性的,具有创造才能的adv.workingingeniously有才能地,巧干>mayhelpyoulearnEnglishwell.Itisnotknownyetwhethertheywillreturntoday.)来充当。试找出下列句子英译的恰当主语,并进行翻译?l>>直接用原文的主语1)如果不适当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehicles,unlessproperlytreated,causesairpollutionincities.2)如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。Ifvocabularyisthe“buildingmaterials”forlanguage,sentencesarethe“fundamentalparts”ofwritings.l>>替换主语以符合英语表达1)鲁迅的骨头是最硬的,他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨,这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。LuHsunwasamanofunyieldingintegrity,freefromallsycophancy-拍马屁,奉承orobsequiousness-谄媚;thisqualityisinvaluableamongcolonialandsemi-colonialpeople.LuHsun’sboneswerethehardest;hewasfreefromallsycophancyorobsequiousness;thisisinvaluableamongcolonialandsemi-colonialpeople.2)胎又瘪了。We’vegotanotherflattire.Thetireturnsflatagain?3)人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。Itisimpossibletojudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,andimpossibletomeasuretheoceanbypints.(刘鹗《老残游记》,杨宪益、戴乃迭译)Wecan’tjudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,justaswecan’tmeasuretheoceanbypints.4 l>>找出译文中合适的主语1)在历史上,由于长江不断改道,在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。TheconstantchangeofthecourseoftheChangjiangRiverinhistoryhelpedformagreatmanylakesintheareasaroundWuhan-acityincentralChina.BecauseoftheconstantchangeofthecourseoftheChangjiangRiverinhistory,therehaveformed>vi.形成agreatmanylakes(“therebe”,“agreatmanylakes”)intheareasaroundWuhan-acityincentralChina.2)健康不佳就无法有效工作。(表示条件的主语用抽象的英语名词短语表达)Poorhealthmaycauseone’sinefficiencyatwork.One’spoorhealthwillincapacitate>使不能胜任himforefficientwork(fromefficientwork).Youcannotworkefficientlyifyouareinpoorhealth.>口语体3)北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林,在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。TheexpansionofwoodsinsomeplacesaroundBeijingtheseyearsattractsquiteafewrarebirds.QuiteafewrarebirdscometosettledowninsomeplacesaroundBeijingthankstotheexpansionofwoodstheretheseyears.4)世纪交替,千年更迭,人类社会的发展正在揭开新的篇章。Theturnofthecenturyhasopenedanewchapterinthedevelopmentofhumansociety.5)世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaismostactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.l>>主语的客观性1)你做这事不费吹灰之力。Itisveryeasyforyoutodosuchathing.2)决定把这问题提到下次会上讨论。Itwasdecidedtobringthematterupatthenextmeeting.3)这时我激动得说不出话来。Wordsfailmehere.Iamtooexcited/stirred/agitated(前一表示激动人心的那种,后两个表示焦躁,不安产生的激动等)toutteranywords.Ø英语多用被动式1)成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。Plentyoflawnsandapartmenthouseswillbebuiltalongboththebanksofthenewly-renovatedFunanRiver.2)公共场所禁止吸烟。Smokingisforbiddeninpublicplaces.3)这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasbeendrawnonthematter.4)有明显的迹象表明,一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍藏。4 Obvioussignsshowthatsomeoldtraditionsandvaluesarenotcherishedbyyouthanymore.5)收音机的成本降低了80%。Thecostofradiosetswasreducedby80%.6)可以预见,在一个不太长的时间内,中国必在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。ItcanbepredictedthatChinawillcertainlycatchupwiththemostadvancednationsintheworldinscienceandtechnologyinnottoolongatime.ØTherebe专练1)好像有点不大对头。Thereseemssomethingwrongaboutit.2)古今中外,在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。Thereexistsalaw(“therebe”,thelogicalsubjecttobe“alaw”,latentinthecontext)atalltimesandinallcountriesthatthegreatfisheatupthesmallintheworldofbusiness.3)古今中外,这种情况概莫能外。Thereisnoexceptiontothisinmodernorancienttimes,inChinaorelsewhere.Ø无主句-增补主语到了济南府,进得城来,家家泉水,户户垂杨,比那江南风景,觉得更具为有趣。WhenhereachedJinanandenteredthecity,therewereflowingstreamsbyeveryhouseandwillowtreesbyeverydoor,whichdelightedhimevenmorethanthesceneryofthesouth.(刘鹗《老残游记》,杨宪益、戴乃迭译)(一)谓语的确立Ø谓语只能由动词(系动词或实义动词)或动词短语担当。1)北京很好玩。Beijingisagreatcitytohavefun.2)北京外来人口逐年增多。ThenumberofpeoplefromotherplacesinBeijingincreasesyearbyyear.3)从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。IttakesmorethantenhourstoridebytrainfromBeijingtoZhengzhou,thecapitalcityofHenanprovincenearBeijing.4)总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。ThepresidentpreparestogotoShanghaibyhisspecialplaneforavisittomorrow.5)晚上过来跟我们一块打保龄球如何?Wouldyoucometojoinusforplayingbowlingthisevening?Ø注意谓语动词的选择的准确性1)中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。ThecentralgovernmenthasneverintervenedintheaffairsoftheHKSAR.(refrainfromdoingsth>克制自己不去干预,intervene>不干预也不想干预之意思)2)中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。4 TheeconomyofChinawillconvergewiththatoftheworld.(mergeinto>意为消没在。。。之中,不恰当)3)新的景点不断出现,观光人数不断增加,地区经济也有了很大发展。Theemergenceofonenewscenicspotafteranotherandtheinfluxofmoreandmoretouristshavealsoboostedtheeconomy.作业:Ø比较以下译文,哪个更好?1)本文所讲的内容对通讯工程来说是很有趣的。a.Thecontentthatthispapertalksaboutisofgreatinteresttocommunicationengineers.b.Whatthispaperdiscussesisofgreatinteresttocommunicationengineers.2)在零售和烹调行业方面,家办企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。a.Intheretailandcateringsectors,householdoperationshavecompletelyoutmarketedthestate.b.Intheretailandcateringsectors,householdoperationshavesurpassedthatofthestate.3)和古庙正好隔河相对的那坐宝塔据说是明代的建筑。a.ThepagodathatstandsfacingtheancienttempleandisseparatedfromeachotherbytheriverissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingDynasty.b.ItissaidthatthepagodajustacrosstheriverfromtheancienttemplewasbuiltintheMingDynasty.4)我们大为惊奇的是,那幢经受强烈地震而幸存下来的惟一建筑物竟是砖木结构。a.Toourgreatsurprise,theonlybuildingthatsurvivedtheviolentearthquakewasoneofbrickandwoodstructure.b.Toourgreatsurprise,theonlybuildingthatfortunatelyexistedaftertheviolentearthquakewasoneofbrickandwoodstructure.4
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