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1、形合意合与翻译Outline1HypotaxisandParataxis2TwoWaysofForminganEnglishSentence3MajorDifferencesinStructure4SentenceCombination1WhatareHypotaxisandParataxis?Ingeneral,hypotaxisisharmonyinform,andparataxisisharmonyinmeaning.1.1ThedefinitionofhypotaxisHypotaxisisthegramm
2、aticalarrangementoffunctionallysimilarbut"unequal"constructs(hypo="beneath",taxis="arrangement"),i.e.,constructsplayinganunequalroleinasentence.Acommonexampleofsyntacticexpressionofhypotaxisissubordinationinacomplexsentence.ProfessorWangLisays,“ThestructureofW
3、esternlanguagesislikesomethingconnectedbyrings.Thoughtheyareconnected,thetracesoflinkingarevisible.Ontheotherhand,thestructureoftheChineselanguageislikeaseamlessheavenlyrobe,whichispiecedtogetherwithoutanytraces.”TheWesterngrammarishardandinelasticandtheChines
4、egrammarissoftandelastic.BecausetheWesterngrammarishard,therearemanystiffrequirementsinit,e.g.asubjectisindispensibleinafiniteclause.TheChineselanguageissoft,sothemainpurposeoftheChinesegrammaristoexpressmeaning,e.g.theobjectintheprecedingclausecanbeusedasthes
5、ubjectofthefollowingclause.(他买了一辆车，是国产的。)Foranotherexample,tworelevantthingscanbepiecedtogetherwithoutanyconnectivewords.(他买了一辆国产车，我买了一辆进口车。/冬天来了，春天还会远吗？)1.5Otherscholars’opinionsAfamousAmericantheoristoftranslationEugineA.NidapointedoutinTranslatingMeaningin1
6、983,“ThemostimportantcontractbetweenChineseandEnglishishypotaxisandparataxis.”SomeChinesescholarscompareEnglishsentencestoatoweringtreewithmanybranches,abunchofgrapes,orastringofpearls;theyalsocompareChinesesentencestoabamboo,aplateofpearls,orwavesontheriver.C
7、hinesesentencesareformedmainlybywayofovertcoherence(显性连贯)throughmeaning.Englishsentencesareformedmainlybywayofcovertcohesion(隐性呼应)thoughformativedevices.1.6RegisteranddiachronicdifferencesOnthewhole,therearemorehypotaxissentencesinscientific,philosophical,law,
8、andformalofficialwritings.Ontheotherhand,therearemoreparataxissentencesinliterarywritingsanddailyspeech.Diachronically,therearemorehypotaxissentencesinmodernChinesethaninancientChi
