朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用8.ppt

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1、PublicexpenditurestructureI.Classificationofpublicexpenditure1.RegularexpenditureandcapitalexpenditureRegularexpendituresaretheessentialexpendituresthatkeepthepublicsectorworkingorensurepeople’sbasicliving,andmainlyincludeofpersonnelexpenses,publicexpensesandsocialsecurityoutlay.Cap

2、italexpendituresareexpenditureswhichareusedtobuyortoproducedurablegoodswhoseagelimitsaremorethanoneyear,suchasexpendituresforofficebuildingconstructionsandexpendituresforofficeequipmentpurchases.2.PurchaseexpenditureandtransferexpenditurePurchaseexpenditure:expendituresthatcangainco

3、rrespondgoodsandservices.Theproportionofpurchaseexpenditurestotransferexpendituresindicatesthelevelbywhichthegovernmentparticipatesintheresourceallocation.Transferexpenditure:publicsectors’assistanceexpendituresforprivatesectors.Theproportionoftransferexpenditurestopurchaseexpenditu

4、resindicatesthelevelbywhichthegovernmentadjustsincomedistribution.II.Analysisofmainpurchaseexpenditures1.Defenseexpenditure(1)FunctionProvideapurepublicgood-security;promoteeconomicgrowththroughtechnologicalprogresses.(2)FactorsinfluencingquantitiesBasicdefense;militaryequipmenttech

5、nology;militaryservicesystem;internationalstatus;internationalsituation.2.AdministrativeexpenditureProduceapurepublicgood--“socialorder”.Thebureaucraticmodelofpublicexpenditures.3.Educationexpenditure(1)WhydoesthegovernmentarrangeeducationexpendituresPositiveexternalities;tonarrowth

6、egapbetweentherichandthepoor;imperfectcapitalmarket.(2)ScarceinputalongwithresourcewasteThisproblemexistsinthefieldsofscientificresearches,cultureandhealth.4.InfrastructureexpenditureInfrastructuresrefertoassistanceandservicesectorsthattheproductionandlivingusetogether.Whydoesthegov

7、ernmentarrangeinfrastructureexpenditures?Fromtheviewofproducingprocess,theyareexternalconditionsorinputs;fromtheviewofcapitalscale,theyneedconsiderableinvestments;fromtheviewofconstructionprocess,theyhavelongconstructioncycles;fromtheviewofcapitalnature,fixedcostsaccountforthelarger

8、percentage.III.Anal