朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用14.ppt

《朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用14.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、GovernmentregulationGovernmentRegulation,alsocalledgovernmentcontrol,referstothebehaviorthatgovernmentsectorsexertdirectimpactonenterprisesandindividualsaccordingtolawsandregulations.Governmentregulationcanbedividedintoeconomicregulationandsocialregulation.I.Toolsandaimsofgovernmentregulation

2、(1)Toolsofentryregulation--Prohibition:prohibitthespecificeconomicsubjectfromengagingincertainactivities.--Licensing:allowthespecificeconomicsubjecttoengageincertainactivities.(2)Toolsofpriceregulation--Limitthemaximumprice:prevententerprisesfromseekingformonopolisticprofitsortheamountofconsu

3、mptionfromincreasingexcessively;--Providesubsidies;--Andprotectpatents.(3)Toolsofquantityregulation--Examineandapproveinvestments;--Limityields.(4)Toolsofqualityregulation--Issuecriterions;--Provideinformation;2.Aimsofgovernmentregulation(1)PublicinterestneedThegovernmentimplementsregulations

4、inordertosafeguardtheinterestofthepublic.(2)SectionalinterestneedIt’stheregulatedthaturgethegovernmenttoimplementregulationsundermanycircumstances.Thedecision-maker(legislativesector)andtheexecutor(administrativesector)willbecontrolledbytheregulated(monopolisticfirms).It’scalledCaptureTheoryo

5、fRegulation.II.Regulationandderegulation1.Regulationfields(1)IndustriesofnaturalmonopolyRegulationsofindustriesofnaturalmonopolyareaimedattheguaranteeofproductiveefficiencyandallocativeefficiency.(2)FieldsofinformationasymmetryReducepeople’scostsofsearchingforinformationbyregulations.(3)Field

6、sofpublicresourcescarcityIfscarcepublicresourcesaren’twellprotected,thentheywillbeabusedand“thetragedyofthecommons”willappear.2.Reasonsforderegulation(1)RedefinitionofnaturalmonopolyWhethercostequationsoffirmshavethesubadditivity.Whencostequationshavethesubadditivity,itisthestrongnaturalmonop

7、olyandneedsregulationiftheaveragecostofasinglefirmdecreases;itcanbederegulated(competitionsmaybeintroduced)iftheaveragecostofasinglefirmincreases.(2)OverhighregulationcostLegislativecost,costofsearchingforinformationandcostofimplementingregul