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ID:51533087
大小:91.00 KB
页数:8页
时间:2020-03-22
《朱柏铭制作全套配套课件公共经济学理论与应用15.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、PublicpricingI.Publicpricinglevel1.MarginalcostpricingPricingbasedonthemarginalcostcanrealizetheaimofefficientresourceallocation,butfirmsindecreasingcostindustrieswillrununderdeficit.2.AveragecostpricingInordertokeepbalanceofincomeandexpenses,firmsindecreasingcostindustriesshouldpricebasedonthe
2、averagecost.3.ProfitmaximizationpricingThepricinglevelofprofitmaximizationishigherthanaveragecostpricinglevelaswellasmarginalcostpricinglevel.II.Modesofpublicpricing1.QuotachargeSuchasapollchargeoramonthlychargewithoutconsideringactualamounts.2.UniformspecificchargeThesimplestpricingmodeofavera
3、gecostthatthetotalamountofusagedividesthetotalcost.3.DecreasingspecificchargeDividetheusageamountintoseveralgradesandgivedifferentgradesdifferentprices.4.Two-partpricingPrice=basicfee+specificfee.Althoughit’sinferiortomarginalcostpricing,it’ssuperiortoaveragecostpricing.5.Peak-loadpricingDecide
4、differentpricesaccordingtodifferentdemandsofpeakhoursandvalleyhours.III.Priceregulation1.PricingmodelofpriceceilingThat’stheRPI-Xmodel.RPIistheretailpriceindexandXisthepercentageofproductivitychangeduringcertainperiodsdecidedbyregulationsectors.ThechangeofthepricedependsonmarginbetweenRPIandX.2
5、.RegulationmodeloffairrateofreturnFairrateofreturnistherateofreturnbasedonnormalprofitsofequilibriumpricesundertheconditionofperfectcompetition.Thecalculatingformulaisasfollows:r=(D/V)·i+(E/V)·pristhefairrateofreturn,Distheborrowedcapital,Visthetotalcapital,Iistheinterestrateofborrowedcapital,E
6、istheequitycapital,andpistheprofitratioofequitycapital.Oncefairrateofreturnisset,thegovernmentwillimplementthepriceregulationbasedonit.【Haveathink】Doespublicpricinghaveotherfunctionsbesidesimprovingresourceallocation?
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