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1、(一)Literaltranslation,freetranslation1)Literaltranslation直译直译(Literaltranslation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法.第一位:忠于原文内容;第二位:忠于原文形式要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。第三位:通顺的译文形式。汉译英:感:sense责任感,安全感,自卑感,优越感,Asenseofresponsibility,Asenseofsaf
2、ety,Asenseofinferiority,Asenseofsuperiority,节奏感,正义感,羞耻感,幽默感,Asenseofrhythm,Asenseofjustice,Asenseofshame,Asenseofhumor,无助感,方向感,紧迫感,归属感Asenseofhopelessness,Asenseofdirection,Asenseofurgency,Asenseofbelonging2)FeaturesofLiteraltranslationA.tobefaithfultotheori
3、ginalideologicalcontent.Aliteraltranslatormakesgreateffortstotransplanttheoriginalwordorder,sentencestructure,etc,intheTL(targetlanguage).B.befaithfultotheformoftheoriginalwork;ItisoflessimportancefortranslatorstomaintainasmoothTLform;鲁迅:rathertobefaithful(i
4、nthought)thansmooth(inlanguage).宁信而不顺【赵景琛:rathertobesmooth(inlanguage)thanfaithful(inthought).宁顺而不信】注意1)Aqualifiedtranslationmustbenotonlyfaithfulinthoughtbutsmoothinlanguage,whichisabasicdemandofatranslator.2)literaltranslation&word-for-wordtranslation3)lit
5、eraltranslation&deadtranslation3)Whenshouldwedependon直译法?(1)Commoncivilizationcore,某些习语和短语的翻译,例如:coldwar冷战hotline热线hotgirlsincoolsuit,spicygirl辣妹Hot-sellingbooks热销书/畅销书blackmarket黑市pillarindustry支柱产业Bloodisthickerthanwater.血浓于水(2)含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直译可以丰富译
6、语语言。例如:1)Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。2)TheSenateForeignRelationsCommitteetodayextendedtheolivebranchtotheClintonGovernmentbypleadingforcooperationindevelopi
7、ngforeignpolicy.参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝,要求在发展外交政策上合作。3)Inthecourtaction,Alainspranghistrumpcardbycallingasurprisewitness.在法庭诉讼中,阿兰突然打出了他的王牌——请出一位意想不到的证人。(杀手锏)4)海内存知己,天涯若比邻。Bosomfriendstherearewithinfourseas,eventheremotestregionsarelikecloseneighborsAbosomfri
8、endafarbringsadistantlandnear.Inwinethereistruth.酒后吐真言。(3)英语句子结构与中文较为接近时,直译能使译文显得通顺自然。例如:1)“Merry”,asyoumayknow,hastwomeanings:happyanddrunk.你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思:快乐和醉酒。2)I'llalwaysrememberThanksgiv