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1、6.CompetingParadigmsinQualitativeResearchEGaNG.GUBAYVONNAS.LINCOLNGuba,E.G.,&Lincoln,Y.S.(1994).Competingparadigmsinqualitativeresearch.InN.K.Denzin&Y.S.Lincoln(Eds.),Handbookofqualitativeresearch(pp.105-117).ThousandOaks,CA:Sage.INthischapterweanalyzefourparadigmst
2、hatcaseforarenewedinterestinqualitativeapproaches,currentlyarecompeting,orhaveuntilrecentlycom-itbecameclearthatthemetaphysicalassumptionspeted,foracceptanceastheparadigmofchoiceinundergirdingtheconventionalparadigm(the"re-informingandguidinginquiry,especiallyqualit
3、ativeceivedview")mustbeseriouslyquestioned.Thusinquiry:positivism,postpositivism,criticaltheorytheemphasisofthischapterisonparadigms,theirandrelatedideologicalpositions,andconstructiv-assumptions,andtheimplicationsofthoseassump-ism.Weacknowledgeatonceourowncommitmen
4、ttionsforavarietyofresearchissues,notonthetoconstructivism(whichweearliercalled"natural-relativeutilityofqualitativeversusquantitativeisticinquiry";Lincoln&Guba,1985);thereadermethods.Nevertheless,asdiscussionsofpara-maywishtotakethatfactintoaccountinjudgingdigms/me
5、thodsoverthepastdecadehaveoftenbe-theappropriatenessandusefulnessofouranalysis.gunwithaconsiderationofproblemsassociatedAlthoughthetitleofthisvolume,Handbookofwithoverquantification,wewillalsobeginthere,QualitativeResearch,impliesthatthetermqualita-shiftingonlylater
6、toourpredominantinterest.tiveisanumbrellatermsuperiortothetermpara-digm(and,indeed,thatusageisnotuncommon),itisourpositionthatitisatermthatoughttobereservedforadescriptionoftypesofmethods.FromTheQuantitative/Qualitativeourperspective,bothqualitativeandquantitativeDi
7、stinctionmethodsmaybeusedappropriatelywithanyre-searchparadigm.Questionsofmethodaresecon-darytoquestionsofparadigm,whichwedefineasHistorically,therehasbeenaheavyemphasisthebasicbeliefsystemorworldviewthatguidestheonquantificationinscience.Mathematicsisofteninvestiga
8、tor,notonlyinchoicesofmethodbutintermedthe"queenofsciences,"andthosesci-ontologicallyandepistemologicallyfundamentalways.ences,suchasphysi
