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1、TheOppressed,theSuspect,andtheCitizen:SubjectivityinCompetingAccountsofPoliticalViolenceSusanBiblerCoutinByjuxtaposingreligious,legal,andvictims’accountsofpoliticalvio-lence,thisessayidentifiesandcritiquesassumptionsaboutagency,theindi-vidual,andthesmtethatderivefromliberaltheoryandthatunderli
2、eU.S.asylumtaw.IntheUnitedStates,asylumisawaitabletoalienswhosegoo-ernmentsfailtoprotectthemfrompersecutiononthebasisoftheirrace,religion,politicalopinion,nationality,orsocialgroupmembership.Saloado-ranandGuatemalanimmigrantshavechallengedthisdefinitionofpersecu-tionwiththeirtwo-decade-longstr
3、uggleforasylumintheUnitedStates.Duringthe198Os,U.S.religiousadvocatesandsolidarityworkerstooklegalactiononbehalfofwhattheycharacterizedasvictimsofoppressioninCen-tralAmerica.Theasylumclaimsnarratedbythebeneficiariesoftheselegaleffortssuggestthatrepessiwepacticesrenderedentirepopulationspolitic
4、allySusanBiblerCoutinisassistantprofessorintheDepartmentofCriminalJusticeatCaliforniaStateUniversity,LosAngeles.SheisgratefultoSusanGoodingfororganizingthesessionforwhichthispaperwasfirstwritten;toFrankReynoldsforhisinterestinthemanuscript;toCarolGreenhouse,BillMaurer,EveDarian-Smith,andSallyM
5、erryfortheircommentsonthemanuscript;toDebbieSmithandDanKesselbrennerforprovidingmaterialabouttheABClawsuit;andtoRobertFossforclarifyingparticularpointsoflaw.Theresearchonwhichthisarticleisbasedwassupportedbya1987-88AmericanFellowshipfromtheAmericanAssociationofUniversityWomenanda1995-97grant(S
6、BR-9423023)fromtheLawandSocialScienceProgramoftheNationalScienceFoundation.ThispaperwaswrittenwhiletheauthorwasavisitingprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andwasrevisedwhiletheauthorwasattheCenterforMultiethnicandTransnationalStudiesattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Theauthorisgrate
7、fultobothinstitutionsfortheirsupport.Theauthorisalsoindebtedtothemanygroupsandindividualswhoparticipatedinthisresearchproject;inparticular,totheEastBaySanctuaryCovenant,theTucsonEcumenicalTaskForceonCentralAmerica,theTucsonrefugeesuppor