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1、THETOSCOALPROCESS-PYROLYSISOFWESTERNCOALSANDLIGNITESFORCHARANDOILPRODUCTIONMarkT.AtwoodBernardL.SchulmanToscoCorporation18200WestHighway72Golden,Colorado80401INTRODUCTIONWesterncoalsandlignitesgenerallyhavehighmoistureandorganic-boundoxygencontentscomparedtoEasterncoals.Arkansaslignitescont
2、ainasmuchas52%moisture(l),andPowderRiversubbituminouscoalscontainfrom'21to30%moisture(2).Pennsylvaniabituminousandanthraciticcoalscontainonly3-6%moisture(3).Totheextentthatcoalcontainsorganically-boundoxyger.,ithasalreadybeen"burned"anditsheatingvaluehassufferedaccordingly.Theoxygenvaluesof
3、coalsvaryinverselywithcoalranking.Anthracitescontainabout3%oxygen,onamoistureanc!ashfreebasis.Correspondingvaluesforlignitesare20-30%(4).ThedisadvantageofhighoxygenandmoisturecontentsinWesterncoalsisoffsetbytheirlowsulfurcontents,andlargevolumesofWesterncoalsarebeingshippedtotheEastdespitef
4、reightrateswhichareveryhighwhencalculatedonaheatingvaluebasis.Anytechniquewhicheffectsselectiveremovalofmoistureandcombinedoxygen,primarilyascarbondioxideandwater,willbeofinterestunlessthecostistoohighoranoffsettingqualitydisadvantageresults.Removalofmoisturehasbeenwidelydiscussedandexamine
5、d(5,6,7).Lignitesandsubbituminouscoalshavebeendriedonaverylargescale(5).Ship-ment,handlingandstorageproblemswerecircumvented,andsuccessfulutilityburn-ingtestswererun.Whiledryingreducesshippingweightandincreasestheheatingvalueofthesolidfuel,itdoesnotproduceoilandhighBtugascoproducts.Lowtempe
6、raturepyrolysis,i.e.,to800-9009,removesanymoistureremainingaftertheusualpreheatingstepsand,moresignificantly,producesval-uableoilandgasproductswhileeliminatingmuchoftheorganically-boundcarbondioxideandwater.Bothcarbondioxideandwaterareeasilyremoved,ifdesired,fromthegaseousandliquidhydrocarb
7、onproducts.Thecharproductproducedfromlowtemperaturecarbonizationcanbeusedasautilityboilerfuel,potentiallyasthemajorcomponentinthemanufactureofformcokeandasafeedstocktogasificationwhichwouldmakeasynthesisgasfreeofhydrocarbonsandtars.Theoilproductmaybeused
