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1、ScalePredictionandInhibitionforOilandGasProductionatHighTemperature/HighPressureChunfangFan,AmyT.Kan,SPE,PingZhang,HaipingLu,SarahWork,JieYu,andMasonB.Tomson,SPE,RiceUniversitySummaryfieldsintheNorthSeahavebeeninproduction,andnewdeep-Withtheadvanceofnewexplorationandprodu
2、ctiontechnolo-waterproductionoffshoreBrazilpromisestobeamajorplayforgies,oilandgasproductionhasgonetodeeperandtighterforma-years.ThoseHT/HPreservoirsarecharacterizedbyhighpres-sures(12,00015,000psi),hightemperatures(>175C),andtionsthaneverbefore.Thesedevelopmentshaveals
3、obroughtchallengesinscalepredictionandinhibition,suchasthepreven-very-high-salinitybrines(TDSofapproximately300,000ppm)tionofscaleformationathightemperatures(150200C),pres-(DyerandGraham2002).DyerandGraham(2002)suggestedsures(1,0001,500bar),andtotaldissolvedsolids(TDS)v
4、ariousinorganicmineralscales,suchasinsolublebariumsulfate,(>300,000mg/L)commonlyexperiencedatthesedepths.Thisstrontiumsulfate,calciumsulfate,andcalciumandmagnesiumpaperwilldiscuss(1)thechallengesofscalepredictionathighcarbonates,areexpectedinthoseHT/HPreservoirs.Addition
5、ally,temperatures,pressures,andTDS;(2)anefficientmethodtostudyhalitescalecouldalsobeaproblembecauseHT/HPreservoirthenucleationkineticsofscaleformationandinhibitionatthesebrinesoftenhaveaveryhighsalinityandthedecreasesoftemper-conditions;and(3)thekineticsofbarite-crystalnu
6、cleationandatureand/orpressure,coupledwithevensmall-percentageevapo-precipitationinthepresenceofvariousscaleinhibitorsandtheration,duringproductioncouldcausehalitetoprecipitate.effectivenessofthoseinhibitors.Inthisstudy,ninescaleinhibi-Thedevelopmentsindeepwateroilandgas
7、productionhavetorshavebeenevaluatedat70200Ctodetermineiftheycanbroughtmorechallengesthaneverbeforeinoilfieldscalecontrolsuccessfullypreventbariteprecipitation.Theresultsshowthatandprediction.First,thesolubilitydataofthosemineralscalesatonlyafewinhibitorscaneffectivelyinh
8、ibitbariteformationatHT/HPandhigh-ionic-strengthconditionsareverylimited.For200C.Althoughitiscommonlyb
