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1、Lecture3-edParticipleI.GrammaticalformsP3691.Withoutconjorsubject2.Withconj.When,though/although,asif/asthough,if,evenif,once,unless,until+V-ed3.WithitsownsubjectII.Grammaticalfunctions1pre-modifierVt-ed;Vi-ed1)Vt-ed(1)Vt-ed:apassivemeaningorasenseofcompletion.-ing:anactivemeaningorasenseofincom
2、pletion.Compare:frozenfoodafreezingwindaboredtraveleraboringjourneyalostcausealosingbattleaconqueredarmyaconqueringarmyafinishedarticlethelastfinishingtouchthespokenlanguageaspeakingbirdarecordedtalkarecordingmachineaclosedshoptheclosinghourwrittenlanguagewritingpaper(2)"un-Vt-ed"oradverb-Vt-ede
3、g:uninvitedguestsabadly-builthouseuntoldsufferingsfar-fetchedreasonsunheard-ofstoriesnewly-bornchildrenanundeterminedboundaryhalf-bakedideasanuneditedstoryhighly-developedindustryanunexpectedhappeningaproperly-startedengine2)Vi-ed(1)thesenseofcompletionbutnopassivemeaning'retired,escaped,faded,w
4、ithered,fallen,expired.,risen,returned,vanished,grown',eg.aretiredteacheranexpiredleaseanescapedprisonertherisensunafadedflowerareturnedstudentawitheredflowerthevanishedtreasurefallenleavesagrownman注：Vt-ed:senseofcompletionor/andpassivemeaningVi-ed:senseofcompletionandactivemeaningE.g.:afull-blo
5、wnrose,theexplodedbomb,herdeceasedhusband,theretiredworkers,thevanishedjewels,thenewlyarrivedvisitors,thereturnedstudents,therisensun.(2)Adverb-Vi-edForinstance,“*abehavedboy”or”*atraveledbusinessman”,“awell-behavedboy”or“awidely-traveledbusinessman”.2.Post-modifierP370相当于一个缩略的关系分句3.Complementmo
6、stlyVt-ed.E.g.Theglassisbroken./Hewasamused./Sheseemedquitedisappointed./Heisgreatlydiscouragedbyherrefusalofinvitinghertotheparty./Thewindowremainslocked.已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表/补语,常见的有:accomplished,amazed,amused,astonished,broken,closed,completed,complicated,confused,crowded,deserted,devoted,disappo
7、inted,discouraged,dressed,drunk,exhausted,excited,experienced,fadded,fascinated,frightened,hurt,inexperienced,interested,known,learned,lost,married,pleased,puzzled,qualified,satisfied,surprised,tired,unprepared,unqualified,u
