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1、Lecture2-ingParticipleTheterm-ingparticipleisusedtoincludeboththetraditional‘presentparticipleandthe‘gerund’.ICollocationof-ingparticiplewithverbs1)Verb+-ingform.Theseverbsincludeadmit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,can’tresist,can’tstand,consider,contempl
2、ate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,don'tmind,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favour,finish,giveup,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,putoff,resent,report,risk,stop,suggest,etc.(1)Aboutthelogicalsubjectofthe-ingparticiple,itneedsnotbeexpress
3、edifitisthesubjectofthemainclause,eg.Shealwaysdetestedseeingabullfight.Theydeniedgivinganyinformationtohelpthepolice.Hedidn’tcontemplatecomingwithusonthistrip.Ican’tresistbargaining.(2)Ifthe-ingformhasalogicalsubjectofitsown,mustbeexpressedonewayoranother,eg:Pleasepardonmydisturbingy
4、ou.Weappreciateyourinvitingustoyourparty.Thelogicalsubjectofthe-ingparticiplemaybeanounoragenitivenoun;itmayalsoberealizedbyapronouninobjectivecaseorbyapossessivedeterminer.Butincolloquialspeech,acommoncasenounoranobjectivepronounfrequentlyfavored,eg:Idon’tmindJohnmovingtoanotherhous
5、e.Idon’tmindJohn’smovingtoanotherhouse.Idon’tmindhimmovingtoanotherhouse.Idon’tmindhismovingtoanotherhouse.But,(1)aftersuchverbsasdefer/deny/postpone,(2)ifthe–ingparticipleisusedasthesubjectofaclauseanditisputatthebeginningoftheclause,thelogicalsubjectofan–ingparticiplemustbethegenit
6、ivecaseofanounorapronoun.Hedidn’tdenyhisbreakingtheagreement.Hisbeingbeatendisappointedus.(3)Someoftheverbslistedabovesuchasacknowledge,admit,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,deny,fancy,imagine,suggest,mean,mention,propose,recall,recollect,understand,etccanalsotakeacorrespondingthat-cl
7、auseasobject,eg:Thewatchmanreportedfindingthedooropen.Thewatchmanreportedthathehadfoundthedooropen.Heanticipatedgettingmuchpleasurefromthereadingofthatbook.Heanticipatedthathewouldgetmuchpleasurefromthereadingofthatbook.2)Verb+object+preposition+-ingformThereareverbsthatcannotbedirec
8、tlyfollowedb
