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1、Sonnet18WilliamShakespeare（1564~1616）ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?(A)Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:(B)RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,(A)Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate,(B)Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,(C)Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;(D
2、)Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines,(C)Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimme’d:(D)Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,(E)Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;(F)Norshalldeathbragthouwander’restinhisshade,(E)Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.(F)Solongasmencan
3、breathe,oreyescansee,(G)Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.(G)A.Structure1.Sonnet18canbedividedintofourparts:threequatrainsandacouplet.Thefirstquatrainisfromline1toline4,thesecondfromline5toline8,andthethirdfromline9toline12.Thecoupletisthegroupoflasttwolines.
4、2.TherhymeschemeofSonnet18isABABCDCDEFEFGG.Sonnet18contains14lines.Theendsofline1andline3havetheendrhyme/ei/,line2andline4rhymewith/eit/.Andthesefourlinesformthefirstquatrain.Theline5andline7havetheendrhyme/aɪn/,whileline6andline8have/d/.Thesameformisusedinline9an
5、dline11andline10andline2,whichendwiththerhyme/eɪd/and/əʊst/.However,thelasttwolineshavetheirownendrhymewhichis/i:/.3.Sonnet18isiambicpentameter.EachlineofSonnet18hasfivefeetwithanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.Examplesareasfollow:“ShallI/compare/th
6、eeto/asum/mer’sday?”hasaccentson“shall”,”com”,”thee”,”a,mer”respectively.“Thouart/morelove/lyand/moretem/perate:”hasaccentson“thou”,“more”,“ly”,“more”,“pe”respectively.B.Languageuse1.Severalkindsofrhetoricareused.Metaphor:“Theeyeofheaven”meansthesun.Simile:“ShallI
7、comparetheetoasummer’sday?”usessimiletocomparethelovedtoasummer’sday.Personification:“hisgoldcomplexion”personatesthesummer’sdayand“shakethedarlingbuds”uses“shake”topersonatetheroughwinds.Inversion:“Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines”canbeintheorderlikethis:“An
8、deveryfairsometimedeclinesfromfair”.“Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimme’d”canbeintheorderlikethis:“untrimmedbychanceornature'schangingcourse”.2.
