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1、THEDIGESTORPANDECTS.BOOKX.TITLEI.CONCERNINGTHEESTABLISHMENTOFBOUNDARIES.1.Paulus,OntheEdict,BookXXIII.Theactionfortheestablishmentofboundariesisapersonalone;althoughitisaproceedingfortherecoveryofproperty.2.Ulpianus,OntheEdict,BookXIX.Thisactionhasreferencetorusticestates,
2、eventhoughbuildingsaresituatedbetweenthem;foritdoesnotmakemuchdifferencewhetherapartyplantstrees,orerectsabuildingontheboundaryline.(1)Ajudgeispermittedinthecaseofestablishmentofboundariestodecidethecontroversyasseemstohimbestwherehecannotfixtheboundaries;andifthejudge,for
3、thepurposeofremovingadoubtofancientoriginchoosestodirecttheboundariestobeestablishedinanewdirection,hecandosointhisway,andorderasumofmoneytobepaidbywayofcompensation.3.Gaius,OntheProvincialEdict,BookVII.Inanycaseinwhichitisnecessarythatadecisionshouldbemadegivingthelandofo
4、neofthepartiestotheother,theoneinwhosefavorthedecisionisrenderedshallberequiredtopaytotheotheracertainsumofmoneybywayofcompensation.4.Paulus,OntheEdict,BookXXIII.Whereacontroversyexistswithreferencetoacertainpieceofreal-estatethelandcanbedividedintosharesbymeansofadecree,i
5、naccordancewithwhatthejudgefindstobetheinterestofthepartiesinsaidland.(1)Inasuitfortheestablishmentofboundariesanaccountmustbetakenoftheinterestoftheparties;forexample,whereanyoneobtainssomebenefitfromatractoflandwhichisascertainedtobelongtoaneighbor,woulditbeunjustthatpay
6、mentshouldberequiredonthataccount?Moreover,ifasurveyorhadbeenemployedbyoneoftheparties,theotherwhodidnotemployhimwouldbeobligedtopayhisshareofthecompensation.(2)Afterissuehasbeenjoinedinacase,accountistakenoftheprofits,forfromthattimenegligenceandmalicemustbemadethesubject
7、ofinvestigation,butwhateveriscollectedbeforeissueisjoinedwillnot,underanycircumstances,beconsidered,foreitherthepartycollecteditingoodfaith,andheshouldbeallowedthebenefitofitifhehasconsumedit;or,ifhecollecteditinbadfaith,anactionmustbebroughtagainsthimforitsrecovery.(3)Whe
8、re,however,anyonerefusestoobeythejudgebycuttingdownatree,orremovingabuildingerectedontheb