Photonic crystals 英文文献资料

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1、Chapter1Photoniccrystals:propertiesandapplicationsThischapterisintendedasabriefoverviewofthehistory,concepts,characteristicsandapplicationsofphotoniccrystals(PhCs).Asinglechapterisinsufficienttore-viewafieldthatcontinuestogrowalmostexponentiallyintheliteraturealmost20yearsafterit

2、began,soattentionisgiventoaspectsmostrelevanttotheworkpre-sentedintheremainderofthisthesis.Sections1.1–1.4introducetheconceptsofone-,two-,andthree-dimensionalphotoniccrystalsandbandgapsandthemotivationthatledtotheirdevelopment.ThetheoryofbandstructuresandBlochmodesofuniformtwo

3、-dimensionalphotoniccrystalsandphotoniccrystalslabsisthenconsideredinSec-tions1.5and1.6.Section1.7isconcernedwiththepropertiesandapplicationsofdefectsinPhCs,andspecificallythosedesignedforresonantbehaviourandwaveguiding.Inte-grationofthesetwofunctionsintophotonicdevicesisdiscus

4、sedinthecontextoftwobasicoperations:couplingandadd/dropfiltering.Finally,Section1.8focusesonadif-ferentclassofapplications,namelythosethatexploittheunusualdispersionpropertiesoftheBlochmodesthatexistinuniformphotoniccrystals.1.1IntroductionTheopticalpropertiesofperiodicstructur

5、escanbeobservedthroughoutthenaturalworld,fromthechangingcoloursofanopalhelduptothelighttothepatternsonabutterfly’swings.Naturehasbeenexploitingphotoniccrystalsformillionsofyears[1],buthumanshaveonlyrecentlystartedtorealisetheirpotential.One-dimensionalperi-odicstructuresinthefo

6、rmofthinfilmstackshavebeenstudiedformanyyears[2],butthree-dimensionalphotoniccrystalwerefirstproposedbyYablonovitch[3]andJohn[4]in1987.Yablonovitchproposedthatthree-dimensionalperiodicdielectricstructurescouldexhibitanelectromagneticbandgap-arangeoffrequenciesatwhichlightcannotp

7、ropagatethroughthestructureinanydirection.Healsopredictedthatunwantedspontaneousemissionwithinasemiconductorcanbepreventedbystructuringthema-56CHAPTER1.PHOTONICCRYSTALS:PROPERTIESANDAPPLICATIONSterialsothatthefrequenciesoftheseemissionsfallwithinaphotonicbandgap;sincenopropaga

8、tingstatesexistatthatfrequency,emissioniseffectivelyforbidden.