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1、PHYSICALREVIEWB75,1151082007Three-dimensionallightfocusingininverseopalphotoniccrystalsKunRen,1Zhi-YuanLi,1,*XiaoBinRen,2ShuaiFeng,1BingyingCheng,1andDaozhongZhang11BeijingNationalLaboratoryforCondensedMatterPhysics,InstituteofPhysics,ChineseAcademyof
2、Sciences,Beijing100080,China2SchoolofPhysicsScienceandInformationTechnology,LiaochengUniversity,Liaocheng252059ChinaandDepartmentofPhysics,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,ChinaReceived30April2006;revisedmanuscriptreceived16January2007;published8M
3、arch2007Inthispaper,westudynegativerefractionofelectromagneticwavesinthree-dimensional3DinverseopalphotoniccrystalsPCs.Weemploytheplane-waveexpansionmethodtocalculatetheequifrequencysurfaceofthePCstructure,fromwhichthefrequencywindowwherenegativere
4、fractionmightoccurcanbedeter-mined.WetheninvestigatethepropagationofelectromagneticwavesradiatingfromapointsourcethroughaßatPCslabbymeansofaÞnite-differencetime-domainmethod.WeÞndthatwavefocusingcanbeachievedinsucha3DinverseopalPCstructureatthenegative-
5、refractionfrequencywindow.Becausetheinverseopalphotoniccrystalcanberoutinelysynthesizedintheopticalregimebymeansoftheself-assemblyapproach,ourstudyopensawayforrealizationandapplicationof3Dnegative-refractionsuperlensesinthevisibleandinfraredregimes.DOI:
6、10.1103/PhysRevB.75.115108PACSnumbers:78.20.Ci,42.70.Qs,41.20.JbI.INTRODUCTIONtheinterfaceofahomogeneousmediumwithn=−1.Inonemechanism,11,20therefractiveindexisactuallypositiveandMaterialspossessingnegativeindexofrefractionNIRthenegativerefractionisb
7、asedontheanisotropicshapeofhavedrawnrapidlygrowinginterestsinrecentyearsduetotheequifrequencysurfacesEFSs.Itwasfoundthatinthiscasesuchsuperlensingisanear-Þeldphenomenon12andatheirnovelpropertiesandpromisingapplications.Ithasbeensuggestedthataparallel-
8、sidedslabmadeofNIRmaterialsresultoftheinterplaybetweennegativerefractionandsur-facewaves.13Anothermechanismisleft-handedcanfocuselectromagneticEMwavesjustlikealens.Nega-behavior,14Ð16,22whichreliesonamaterialslabwithanef-tivein
