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1、APPLIEDPHYSICSLETTERS90,0519102007Pressurecontrolledself-assemblyofhighqualitythree-dimensionalcolloidalphotoniccrystalsZhongyuZheng,XizheLiu,YanhongLuo,BingyingCheng,a,bDaozhongZhang,andQingboMengBeijingNationalLaboratoryforCondensedMatterPhysics,InstituteofPhysics,Chine
2、seAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080,PeoplesRepublicofChinaa,cYurenWangNationalMicrogravityLaboratory,InstituteofMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080,PeoplesRepublicofChinaReceived25October2006;accepted21December2006;publishedonline31January2007Aconcisepressureco
3、ntrolledisothermalheatingverticaldepositionPCIHVDmethodisdeveloped,whichprovidesanoptimalgrowingconditionwithbetterstabilityandreproducibilityforfabricatingphotoniccrystalsPCswithoutthelimitationofcolloidalspherematerialsandsizes.HighqualityPCsarefabricatedwithPCIHVDfromp
4、olystyrenesphereswithdiametersrangingfrom200nmto1m.Thedeepphotonicbandgapandsteepphotonicbandedgeofthesamplesaremostfavorableforrealizingultrafastopticaldevices,photonicchips,andcommunications.ThismethodmakesameaningfuladvanceinthequalityanddiversityofPCsandgreatlypromotesth
5、eirwideapplications.©2007AmericanInstituteofPhysics.DOI:10.1063/1.2435613PhotoniccrystalshavethepropertiesofconÞningandassemblingcolloidalspheresofvariousmaterialsanddiffer-controllingthepropagationoflightduetotheexistenceofentsizes.Moreover,thequalityofphotoniccrystalsmade
6、by1,2photonicbandgapsintheseperiodicdielectricstructures.thesemethodscannotmeetthepracticalopticalapplicationsTheuniqueopticalpropertiesmakethemhavewideapplica-yet,whichneeddeepphotonicbandgapsPBGsandsteep6tionsinopticalcommunications,photoniccomputing,photonicbandedgesPBE
7、s.Itiswellknownthatholding3Ð7switching,sensing,lasing,andsolarcells.Torealizethesetheevaporationrateatanoptimalvalueiscrucialforthe13,14utilizations,signiÞcanteffortshavebeendevotedtofabricateregularassemblingofcolloidalspheres.Theexcessively8Ð19highorlowspeedofthesolventeva
8、porationinducedthephotoniccrystals.Amongthem,thecolloidalsphereself-
