学习理论与卫生行政部门的培训设计[文献翻译]

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文出处HealthManpowerManagement.Volume,21.1995（02).P13-19外文作者GraemeCurrie原文：LearningtheoryandthedesignoftraininginahealthauthorityTheoreticalconsiderationsMostresearchersoflearninghavemadethefocusoftheirresearchtheobservablebehaviouroftheindividual.Intermsofagen

2、eralizedbodyoftheory,experientiallearningframeworksparticularly,andstimulusresponselearningframeworkstoalesserextent,aremosthelpfulinindicatinghowtrainingpractitionerscanmakelearningmoreeffective.Thelessonsapplytoahealth-careenvironmentaswellaswiderorganizationarenas.Theim

3、portanceofexperientiallearningisborneoutbyBurnardwhodefinedexperientiallearningaspersonallearning,thatislearningthatmakesadifferencetoourselfconcept.Heargueswecannotlearninterpersonalskillsbyrote,normerelybymechanicallylearningaseriesofbehaviours.Weneedtospendtimereflectin

4、gonourselvesandonreceivingfeedbackonourperformancefromotherpeople.Kolbetal.viewexperientiallearningasacircularandperpetualprocess,whosekeystagesare:experience,analysisofthekeylearningpointsarisingfromit,andtheconsequentplanningandtryingoutofneworchangedbehaviour.Kolbetal.[

5、2]claimthatmostpeopledeveloplearningstylesthatemphasizesomelearningabilitiesoverothers.HoneyandMumford[7]haverefinedthesecategoriesandusedtheminselectingthetypeoftrainee(identifiedbylearningstyle)mostlikelytobenefitfromacertainprogramme.Theyidentifiedfourstyles;activist,re

6、flector,theoristandpragmatist.Thesetypesarebestillustratedbythefollowingcomments:I’lltryanythingonce(activist);I’dliketimetothinkaboutthis(reflector);howdoesthisfitwiththat?(theorist);howcanIapplythisinpractice?(pragmatist).Thisreinforcedtheviewthat,ifmanagementdevelopment

7、isdesignedtoprovidemanagerswithlearningopportunities,thentheprocessoflearningfromexperienceisanessentialingredient,perhapsthemostessential.HoneyandMumfordstatedthatsomepeoplelearnbetterbyonestylethananother,andsomemayrejectcertainstylesaltogether.Knowlestookadifferentappro

8、achtothedefinitionofexperientiallearning.Heisaproponentoflearningautonomy,anddescribedact