学习理论与卫生行政部门的培训设计[文献翻译]

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文出处HealthManpowerManagement.Volume,21.1995（02).P13-19外文作者GraemeCurrie原文：LearningtheoryandthedesignoftraininginahealthauthorityTheoreticalconsiderationsMostresearchersoflearninghavemadethefocusoftheirresearchtheobservablebehaviouroftheindividual.Intermsofageneralizedbodyoftheory,experi

2、entiallearningframeworksparticularly,andstimulusresponselearningframeworkstoalesserextent,aremosthelpfulinindicatinghowtrainingpractitionerscanmakelearningmoreeffective.Thelessonsapplytoahealth-careenvironmentaswellaswiderorganizationarenas.TheimportanceofexperientiallearningisborneoutbyBurnardwhode

3、finedexperientiallearningaspersonallearning,thatislearningthatmakesadifferencetoourselfconcept.Heargueswecannotlearninterpersonalskillsbyrote,normerelybymechanicallylearningaseriesofbehaviours.Weneedtospendtimereflectingonourselvesandonreceivingfeedbackonourperformancefromotherpeople.Kolbetal.viewex

4、perientiallearningasacircularandperpetualprocess,whosekeystagesare:experience,analysisofthekeylearningpointsarisingfromit,andtheconsequentplanningandtryingoutofneworchangedbehaviour.Kolbetal.[2]claimthatmostpeopledeveloplearningstylesthatemphasizesomelearningabilitiesoverothers.HoneyandMumford[7]hav

5、erefinedthesecategoriesandusedtheminselectingthetypeoftrainee(identifiedbylearningstyle)mostlikelytobenefitfromacertainprogramme.Theyidentifiedfourstyles;activist,reflector,theoristandpragmatist.Thesetypesarebestillustratedbythefollowingcomments:I’lltryanythingonce(activist);I’dliketimetothinkaboutt

6、his(reflector);howdoesthisfitwiththat?(theorist);howcanIapplythisinpractice?(pragmatist).Thisreinforcedtheviewthat,ifmanagementdevelopmentisdesignedtoprovidemanagerswithlearningopportunities,thentheprocessoflearningfromexperienceisanessentialingredient,perhapsthemostessential.HoneyandMumfordstatedth

7、atsomepeoplelearnbetterbyonestylethananother,andsomemayrejectcertainstylesaltogether.Knowlestookadifferentapproachtothedefinitionofexperientiallearning.Heisaproponentoflearningautonomy,anddescribedact