低收入家庭的住房供给和社区参与【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：Low-incomeHousingandCommunityParticipationTheconceptualframeworkThepreviousdecadeshaveseenthefieldoflow-incomehousingtransformedfrompoliciesthatsupported‘massprovisionofdwellings’to‘communityorganizationactions’.Policieslinkedwiththenotionof‘…slumsrep

2、resentinganurbandisease’(Taschner,1988:26)changedtothenotionofwhat‘…verypoorpeoplearecapableofdoing(fortheir)communities’(Turner,1988:n.p.).Thereisnodoubtnowthattheassumptionofrepetitiveconstructionofhigh-densityhousesastheaffordablesolutiontothechronichousingshortage

3、iswrong.The‘CommunityMovement’hasprovedthatthereisanentirelydifferentproductionprocessofcheapand,importantly,goodstandardhousing.Indiscussinginitially‘whoparticipates’itisnecessarytodiscernthecommunityconceptwhichconnotesthedirectinvolvementofordinarypeopleinlocalaffa

4、irs.Midgley(1986:25)pointsoutthat,‘theproponentsofcommunityparticipationareclearlynotconcernedwithaffluentapartmentdwellersorwealthysuburbanitesorwithlandownersorrichfarmersorotherruralelites’.Hegoesfurther,quotingHollnsteiner’scomments(quotedinMidgley,1986:25)whoalso

5、maintainsthat,‘people’sparticipationrefersnottoeveryoneinanidentifiablecommunity–sincelocalelitesalreadyhaveastrongvoiceindecision-making–butrathertothepoormajoritywithlittleaccesstoresourcesandpower’.Overtimetheconceptionofparticipationhasgraduallyemergedasafundament

6、alnecessityofanewstrategytoprovideaffordableshelterinwhichtheroleofcommunityorganizationsandindividualcapacitiesareimportantlyinvolved.‘FromsquattersettlementsinThirdWorldcitiestotheactiongroupsandvoluntaryorganizationsthatareafamiliarfeatureinBritain,thecommunitiesha

7、vechallengedfortheirrighttogainaccesstolandandsocialservicesinordertofacetheirhousingproblembythemselves’(Nascimento,1990:2).Thisarticleaddressesitselftothenotionof‘housingasaprocess’:thepeoplecometogethertobuildandmanagetheirownhousingthroughappropriateorganisationsa

8、ndaffordablemethodsandtechnologies.VilaS.oJorge,BeloHorizonte,oneofthefavelasfoundinthemajorcitiesofBrazil,waschosenasastudy