低收入家庭的住房供给和社区参与【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：Low-incomeHousingandCommunityParticipationTheconceptualframeworkThepreviousdecadeshaveseenthefieldoflow-incomehousingtransformedfrompoliciesthatsupported‘massprovisionofdwellings’to‘communityorganizationactions’.Policieslinkedwiththenotionof‘…slumsrepresentinganurbandisea

2、se’(Taschner,1988:26)changedtothenotionofwhat‘…verypoorpeoplearecapableofdoing(fortheir)communities’(Turner,1988:n.p.).Thereisnodoubtnowthattheassumptionofrepetitiveconstructionofhigh-densityhousesastheaffordablesolutiontothechronichousingshortageiswrong.The‘CommunityMovement’hasprovedtha

3、tthereisanentirelydifferentproductionprocessofcheapand,importantly,goodstandardhousing.Indiscussinginitially‘whoparticipates’itisnecessarytodiscernthecommunityconceptwhichconnotesthedirectinvolvementofordinarypeopleinlocalaffairs.Midgley(1986:25)pointsoutthat,‘theproponentsofcommunitypart

4、icipationareclearlynotconcernedwithaffluentapartmentdwellersorwealthysuburbanitesorwithlandownersorrichfarmersorotherruralelites’.Hegoesfurther,quotingHollnsteiner’scomments(quotedinMidgley,1986:25)whoalsomaintainsthat,‘people’sparticipationrefersnottoeveryoneinanidentifiablecommunity–sin

5、celocalelitesalreadyhaveastrongvoiceindecision-making–butrathertothepoormajoritywithlittleaccesstoresourcesandpower’.Overtimetheconceptionofparticipationhasgraduallyemergedasafundamentalnecessityofanewstrategytoprovideaffordableshelterinwhichtheroleofcommunityorganizationsandindividualcap

6、acitiesareimportantlyinvolved.‘FromsquattersettlementsinThirdWorldcitiestotheactiongroupsandvoluntaryorganizationsthatareafamiliarfeatureinBritain,thecommunitieshavechallengedfortheirrighttogainaccesstolandandsocialservicesinordertofacetheirhousingproblembythemselves’(Nascimento,1990:2).T

7、hisarticleaddressesitselftothenotionof‘housingasaprocess’:thepeoplecometogethertobuildandmanagetheirownhousingthroughappropriateorganisationsandaffordablemethodsandtechnologies.VilaS.oJorge,BeloHorizonte,oneofthefavelasfoundinthemajorcitiesofBrazil,waschosenasastudy