城市社区中社区活动者对于公民角色的感知：影响社区参与的态度的个案研究【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：COMMUNITYACTIVISTS’PERCEPTIONSOFCITIZENSHIPROLESINANURBANCOMMUNITY:ACASESTUDYOFATTITUDESTHATAFFECTCOMMUNITYENGAGEMENTR.ALLENHAYSCIVICENGAGEMENTANDPOLITICALPARTICIPATIONTherecentincreaseinresearchonsocialcapitalandcivicengagementhasbenefitedurbanschol

2、arshipbyrefocusingattentiononaproblemwithwhichurbanistshavelongbeenconcerned;namely,howcitizenscanbeengagedandmobilizedtoexerteffectiveinfluenceoncommunitydecisions.Withtheexceptionofafewwhohavearguedthattoomuchparticipationmayhaveanegativeimpactonurbanpolicymaking(Y

3、ates,1980),mosturbanscholarsbelievethatincreasingcitizeninvolvementisdesirable,inthatitislikelytoleadtoamoreequitabledistributionofthebenefitsofurbanlifeamongcitizens.Eventhougheconomicelitesinevitablyplayapowerfulroleincommunitydecisions,citizenparticipationcanprovi

4、deacounterbalancetotheirinfluence.Thecivicengagementliteraturehasalsobroadenedourconcernfromstrictlypoliticalparticipation(definedhereasparticipationintendedtodirectlyinfluencepublicpolicyorelectoraloutcomes)toincludeotherformsofcivicengagement(definedasparticipation

5、involuntary,community-basedorganizationsandassociations.)Thesescholarshaveidentified“civilsociety”asarealmofinformaltiesandrelationshipsdistinctfromboththemarketandthestate.Intheirview,theabsenceoftheprofitimperativeofthemarketandofthecoerciveelementsofthestateinthis

6、civicrealmfrequentlyenablesdecisionmakingthatisbothflexibleandpublicspirited(Bellah,1985;Etzioni,1998).Becauseofitsinformalityandflexibility,civilsocietyisaprimearenaforthedevelopmentofsocialcapital.However,whiledefiningcivilsocietyasdistinct,thesescholarshavealsoarg

7、uedstronglythatcitizens’engagementinthecivicrealmisstronglylinkedtotheiractiveandconstructivepoliticalinvolvement.Theyassertthat,ifcivilsocietyisunhealthy,thenthefunctioningofthepoliticalprocesswillbeimpaired(Hooghe&Stolle,2003).Thecitizen’sengagementinpoliticalactiv

8、ityisgroundedinhisorherexperienceswithinthesocialandcivicrealm.Civicengagementhasbeenlinkedtopoliticalengagementinatleastfourways:(