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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：StarsandtheirSupportingCast:State,MarketandCommunityasActorsinUrbanGovernanceJohnminneryInthesearchforbetterwaystogoverncitiestherehasbeenashiftfromanemphasisontheroleof‘urbangovernment’toanemphasison‘urbangovernance’.Governanceisnowwidelyunderstoodasincorporatingther
2、oleofthestateinpolicymakingandimplementationbutextendingbeyondthatsingleactortoincludetherolesoftheprivatesector(market)andcommunity(civilsociety).Therelationshipsamongstthethreearebothcomplexandchanging.Thisarticleproposesaconceptualframeworkthatstructuresourunderstandingofhowtheacto
3、rsinurbangovernanceinteract,basedonrelationshipswhereoneoftheactorshasfargreaterinfluencethantheothertwo,inotherwordswhereoneisthe‘star’orcentralactor.Theframeworkthenaddressesthequestionoftherolesofthe‘supportingcast’,ortheothertwoactors.The‘governanceorthodoxy’isthatrelationshipsare
4、collaborativeandconsensual,expressedthroughideasabout‘partnerships’and‘networks’.Theframework,however,drawsattentiontothepossibilityofconflict.Thearticleexploressomeoftheimplicationsforurbangovernancetheoryandpracticeofthesecomplexrelationships.TheNatureofGovernanceAlthoughtheideaofgo
5、vernanceoriginatedinpoliticalscience.Kjær’s(2004)discussionofitsdifferentformsisalsolocatedwithinpoliticalscience,althoughshetakesthisasabroaddisciplinethatincludespublicadministration,publicpolicy,internationalrelationsandcomparativepolitics.Despitethesevariousuncertaintiesaboutitsho
6、metheideaofgovernancehasbeenabsorbedintothediscoursesofanumberofdisciplines,includingurbanplanningandurbanpolicy.Itis,however,nowwidelyacceptedthatgovernanceincorporatesbuttranscendsthenotionofgovernmentorofthestate.Itisalsowidelyacceptedthatthewaygovernancetranscendsgovernmentisbyinc
7、orporatingtheprivatesectorandcivilsocietyintopolicymakingandimplementation.ThesethreecomponentsofgovernancearedescribedbyThynne(2000,p.228)as“thestate...viewed,verygenerally,asanorganizedpoliticalcommunitythatbothfeaturesin,andhasinterdependentrelationshipswith,themarketasanorganizede
8、conom
