2.心理学研究方法new

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1、Lecture'2:'Research'Methods'Jing'Qian'March'2,'2011'Review'of'Lecture'1'•Psychology'–Psyche:'Mind'–Logos:'Knowledge'or'study'•DefiniBon:'The'scienBfic'study'of'the'behavior'of'individuals'and'their'mental'processes'–Behavior:'Overt;'i.e.,'can'be'direct

2、ly'observed'(crying)'–Mental'Processes:'Covert;'i.e.,'cannot'be'directly'observed'(remembering);'private,'internal'•Empirical'Evidence:'InformaBon'gathered'from'direct'observaBon'•Five'Goals'of'Psychology:'ODEPC'What'Might'a'Psychologist'Research?''•

3、Development:'Course'of'human'growth'and'development'•Learning:'How'and'why'it'occurs'in'humans'and'animals'•Personality:'Traits,'moBvaBons,'and'individual'differences'•SensaBon'and'PercepBon:'How'we'come'to'know'the'world'through'our'five'senses'What'M

4、ight'a'Psychologist'Research?(cont’d)'•Social:'Human'and'social'behavior'•Cultural:'How'culture'affects'human'behavior'•CogniBve:'How'reasoning,'problem'solving,'and'other'mental'processes'relate'to'human'behavior'•EvoluBonary:'How'our'behavior'is'gui

5、ded'by'paYerns'that'evolved'during'human'history'Figure1.3aFIGURE1.3(a)Specialtiesinpsychology.Percentagesareapproximate.Anyparticularpsychologistmightdoseveraloftheseactivitiesduringaworkweek(APA,1998).Asyoucansee,mostpsychologistsspecializeinapplie

6、dareasandworkinappliedsettings.Figure1.3bFIGURE1.3.(b)Wherepsychologistswork.Anyparticularpsychologistmightdoseveraloftheseactivitiesduringaworkweek(APA,1998).Asyoucansee,mostpsychologistsspecializeinappliedareasandworkinappliedsettings.Figure1.3cFIG

7、URE1.3(c)Thischartshowsthemainactivitiespsychologistsdoatwork.Anyparticularpsychologistmightdoseveraloftheseactivitiesduringaworkweek(APA,1998).Asyoucansee,mostpsychologistsspecializeinappliedareasandworkinappliedsettings.Many'Flavors'of'Psychologist

8、s''•Psychologists:'Usually'have'masters'or'doctorate.''Trained'in'methods,'knowledge,'and'theories'of'psychology.'–Clinical'Psychologists:'Treat'psychological'problems'or'do'research'on'therapies'and'mental'illnesses'–Counseling'Psychologists:'Treat'