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ID:33158681
大小:154.50 KB
页数:44页
时间:2019-02-21
《direct and indirect trust and reciprocity^:直接和间接的信任和互惠》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、DIRECTANDINDIRECTTRUSTANDRECIPROCITY^NancyR.Buchan*RachelT.A.Croson**RobynM.Dawes***AbstractWeexaminetheextenttowhichpeopletrustandreciprocateinsituationsofdirectandindirectreciprocity.Ourfirststudyshowsthatasthepotentialfordirectreciprocitybetweenthetrustora
2、ndreciprocatordecreases,levelsoftrustandreciprocationdecreasealso;yet,onaverage,theselevelsremainsignificantlyaboveequilibriumpredictions.OursecondstudyextendstheseresultstothreeAsiancountries.Wefindnotonlythatlevelsoftrustandreciprocationvaryacrosscountries,
3、butthatthedrop-offsintrustacrossdirectandindirectreciprocityconditionsvaryacrosscountriesaswell.Thesedifferencesindrop-offssuggestasignificantcountryinfluenceontheboundariesoftrust.^WethanktheparticipantsattheEconomicScienceAssociation,theSocietyforJudgmentan
4、dDecisionMaking,andtheEuropeanAssociationofExperimentalSocialPsychologymeetingsalongwithseminarparticipantsatYale,TexasA&MUniversityandUCSanDiegofortheirinsightfulcommentsandfeedbackonthisresearch.WearealsogratefultoPeterDicksonforhisinputonthemanuscript.Thes
5、econdauthor’sresearchwassupportedbyNSFgrantSES#98-76079-001.43I.IntroductionInarecentissueofScience,biologistshailtrustandreciprocityasthe“basisofallhumansystemsofmorality”[NowakandSigmund,2000].Indeed,thegrowingliteratureontrustacrossanumberofacademicfieldsf
6、ocusesonitscentralitytoeveryareaofourlives.Economistshavedemonstratedthatariseincountry-leveltrustincreaseseconomicgrowth[KnackandKeefer1997].Politicalscientistsandeconomistshaveshownthattheleveloftrustinasocietyinfluencesgovernmentalandjudicialefficiency[Put
7、nam1993;LaPorta,etal.1997].Psychologistsmaintainthattrustplaysaprominentroleintheemergenceofcooperationinproblemsofcollectiveaction[Dawes1980].Businessresearchershaveclaimedthatbeinga“trustedcooperator”withinaglobalnetworkisrequisitetoachievingcompetitiveadva
8、ntage[MorganandHunt1994].FinallyAlanGreenspanunderscoredthecriticalnatureoftrusttooureconomicwayoflife,“Trustisattherootofanyeconomicsystembasedonmutuallybeneficialexchange…ifasignificant
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